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A moderate magnitude 4.9 earthquake struck approximately 17 km South-Southeast of Kariba, in Mashonaland West Province, early on Monday morning. The quake occurred at a depth of 10 km at 05:39 AM (Harare Time) on December 23.
According to a report by <a href="https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/earthquakes/quake-info/10045592/mag5quake-Dec-23-2024-Zimbabwe-Zambia.html">Volcano Discovery</a>, which cites data from the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the details of the earthquake are as follows:
<blockquote>
The closest larger town where the quake might have been felt is Kariba, a town with 28,000 inhabitants in Zimbabwe, in 17.5 km (11 mi) distance northwest of the epicentre. People likely experienced light shaking there. In the capital of Zimbabwe, Harare, 265 km (165 mi) away from the epicentre, the earthquake was probably felt as very weak shaking.
</blockquote>
The earthquake occurred just three days after a magnitude 4.6 quake struck 26 km southeast of the resort town.
Earthquakes are common in Kariba, primarily due to a phenomenon known as reservoir-induced seismicity. 
This occurs because the immense weight of the water in the Kariba Dam exerts pressure on the local geological structures.
When the dam was filled in the 1960s, it began to induce seismic activity in the region. The water load causes stress on the Earth’s crust, leading to frequent tremors.
These tremors are generally of low to moderate magnitude and have not been known to affect the dam’s structural integrity. However, they can still cause alarm among local residents.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Pindula News

An earthquake with a magnitude of 4.9 shook Kariba in Zimbabwe. It happened early in the morning on December 23, at a depth of 10 km. The quake was felt in Kariba and Harare, but it was not too strong. Earthquakes are common in Kariba because of the weight of water in the Kariba Dam, causing stress on the Earth's crust. This recent earthquake came just days after another quake. Even though these tremors are usually not too strong, they can still worry people living in the area.

Early Morning Earthquake Rattles Kariba

The Kariba Lake level has generally continued to decline, with only minor fluctuations primarily influenced by rainfall in the lake and its immediate catchment area.
According to the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), as of December 11, 2024, the lake level stood at 475.91 meters, representing 2.89% of usable storage, compared to 477.21 meters (11.83% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels of 475.50 meters and 488.50 meters above mean sea level, allowing for a freeboard of 0.70 meters for hydropower generation.
Meanwhile, the Kariba South Power Station, which has a 1,050MW installed capacity, was generating a paltry 124.5MW on Monday, December 16, according to the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC).
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

The Kariba Lake in Zimbabwe is getting very low. The water level is only 2.89% of what it should be for generating power. This is bad because the lake is important for producing electricity. The water level has been dropping compared to last year. The power station in Kariba is working at a much lower capacity because of the low water level. This means there might be more power shortages if the water level doesn't rise. The government is trying to come up with a solution to this problem.

Kariba Lake Usable Storage Plummets To 2.89%

Zimbabwe’s industrial power users, including mining companies, have secured US$250 million from the African Export-Import Bank to build floating solar panels at Lake Kariba, the world’s largest man-made lake.
According to <a href="https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/investing/commodities/2024/12/09/zimbabwe-power-users-raise-250-million-for-solar-plan/">Bloomberg</a>, the Intensive Energy User Group made up of mining companies including a former local unit of Rio Tinto and Mimosa, plans a 250-megawatt solar plant with the potential to expand to 1 gigawatt of solar capacity.
The plant is expected to be implemented within 18 months.
Edward Cross, the IEUG chairman, said that the group received “oversubscribed” interest for financing.
Zimbabwe is currently facing severe power shortages due to drought, with the Kariba Dam generating only 125 megawatts (around 11% of its capacity) due to low water levels.
IEUG holds a retail supply licence and a 20-year transmission agreement to connect to the national grid.
In a statement posted X, Afreximbank said that the project will integrate solar energy with existing hydropower infrastructure boosting Zimbabwe’s renewable energy capacity and ensuring reliable power. Reads the post:
<blockquote>
At a Boardroom session during Africa Investment Forum 2024, Afreximbank showcased its support for Green Hybrid Power’s 1,000-megawatt hybrid floating solar photovoltaic facility on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. 
This transformative project will integrate solar energy with existing hydropower infrastructure, boosting Zimbabwe’s renewable energy capacity and ensuring reliable power for industries and mining under a 20-year Power Purchase Agreement.
With an initial phase targeting 250 MW at $250M, Afreximbank’s Project Preparation Facility, signed in April 2024, is driving feasibility studies and engineering designs.
Chaired by Mr. Zitto Alfayo, Head of Project Preparation Unit, this initiative underscores Afreximbank’s commitment to sustainable development, green economies, and fostering trade through reliable energy.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe is getting money to build floating solar panels on Lake Kariba to help with power shortages. The project will start soon and will add more solar power to the country. The industrial power users group, made up of big companies, are happy about getting the money. The project aims to boost renewable energy and make sure there is enough power for everyone. Solar power will be added to the existing hydropower, making it more reliable. This will help industries and mining companies have power for the next 20 years.

Zimbabwe Power Users Raise US$250 Million For Floating Solar Plant At Lake Kariba

Fanuel Cumanzala, the Member of Parliament for Binga South, has criticised the government for failing to extend connectivity to the national grid in Binga District, reported <a href="https://newsday.co.zw/southerneye/local/article/200034568/binga-not-benefiting-from-kariba-power">Southern Eye</a>.
Electricity is generated from Lake Kariba, which displaced the BaTonga people during its construction in the 1950s, yet the local people are not benefitting.
During a session in the National Assembly, the CCC MP challenged Energy and Power Development Minister Edgar Moyo to explain why his constituency is not benefiting from the lake, especially considering that the local community made sacrifices for its creation. He said:
<blockquote>
May you please explain why Binga people are not enjoying the benefits of having the Lake Kariba Hydroelectric Power Station, considering that they paved way for the construction of the lake?
There are two issues here. The first issue is how Binga or the Zambezi combined communities are benefiting from the Zambezi River Authority initiative, that is the Zambezi River Development Fund, which is appreciated, but I wish the minister could indicate where some of those projects that he mentioned are located in those specific districts.
I am very familiar with Hurungwe, Kariba, Binga and Hwange. Then the second issue has to do with power supply itself.
</blockquote>
Cumanzala said Binga has not benefited from the electricity generated at Lake Kariba for many years. He claimed that power lines were erected in areas like Lusulu and Chapuwa a decade ago; however, these lines have never been operational since their construction. He said:
<blockquote>
The poles are down, the copper cables are down. It is fortunate that most of our people do not steal, should I say otherwise, they could have vandalised the poles and stolen the copper lines, but they have been down for a long time now.
Maybe the minister could explain why they have been down for this long and what plans are in place to make sure that those areas are covered by electricity because this is where the majority of the schools are.
This is where the majority of the population lives. The clinics which are in those areas have no electricity. The schools have no electricity.
</blockquote>
In response, Moyo told Parliament that the Zambezi River Authority established the Zambezi Valley Development Fund in 1997. 
He said the fund aims to finance sustainable infrastructure and development projects to mitigate the impact of the displacement of the Tonga and Kore Kore people on both sides of the Zambezi River in Zambia and Zimbabwe. Said Moyo:
<blockquote>
These are the communities which were displaced during the construction of Kariba Dam. The Zambezi Valley Development Fund has funded various infrastructural and developmental projects which include the procurement and restoration of grinding mills, sinking of boreholes, and construction of schools and houses for support staff in respective project sites, among other things.
</blockquote>
He said some of the projects had been implemented in Binga, Hurungwe, Gokwe North and Kariba districts. Moyo said:
<blockquote>
Projects completed under the Siabuwa line include four chiefs’ homesteads, four clinics, 11 primary schools, five secondary schools, two business centres and the Transport ministry houses.
However, the Siabuwa line has been down for a long time and repairs could not be done due to financial constraints at ZETDC [Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company] to secure materials, labour and transport.
Despite these constraints, ZETDC has been working on these lines and to date has covered about 20km of the estimated 60km line.
ZETDC has seen improvement in resources availability and expect to finish the line by end of December 2024.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

In Binga District, the MP is unhappy because they don't have electricity from Lake Kariba. He asked the Minister why. The Minister said the Zambezi Valley Development Fund is helping. Binga District should have electricity, but the power lines are broken. The Minister said they will fix them by December 2024. The Fund has helped with projects like schools and clinics. The MP wants answers and the community wants electricity. Hopefully, they will get it soon.

Binga District Left In The Dark, Says MP

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) says the water level in Kariba Dam continues to fall, with the current lake level at 477.33m, as of 04 June 2024, compared to 479.65m in the same period last year.
In a statement, ZRA said the usable live storage (for power generation) was 12.82%, as of 04 June 2024, compared to 29.27 in the same period last year.
Kariba Dam’s water level is steadily decreasing due to low inflow because of below-normal rainfall received in the 2023/24 season.
The dam was designed to operate between levels of 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation for Zimbabwe and Zambia.
The 475.50m is the Minimum Operating Level (MOL) and is where the inlet valves are located. Below that level, no water flows in for power generation.
The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC), a subsidiary of ZESA Holdings, on 05 June 2024, was generating 500 MW at the Kariba South Power Station.
Independent Power Producers were generating 45 MW, while ZPC’s coal-fired power plant in Hwange was producing 864 MW.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Lake Level Steadily Decreasing Due To Low Inflow

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) said that water cannot be recycled by pumping it back into the reservoir after it has been used to generate electricity due to existing agreements among countries that depend on the Zambezi River.
ZRA stated that once the water has passed through the turbines, it follows its natural course downstream.
Early this year, ZRA drastically reduced water allocations to Zambia and Zimbabwe’s power utilities for electricity generation citing dwindling water levels caused by the low inflows due to the El Nino-induced drought.
In response to a query by a concerned Zambian citizen, ZRA also stated that while recycling water might seem like a sustainable practice, the energy required to pump water back into the reservoir would be equivalent to the energy generated during hydropower production. Therefore, from an economic standpoint, it is not feasible. It said:
<blockquote>
Once power is generated at Kariba, Mozambique awaits its turn to harness the same water for its own power generation.
Take note that existing bilateral agreements prohibit pumping water back into the reservoir. Additionally, it is worth noting that the energy required to pump water back into the reservoir above the 128-meter dam wall equals the amount of power generated, making it economically unviable.
Nevertheless, plans are underway to construct additional dams upstream of Kariba, where Zesco Limited and ZPC – Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) will generate power, offering a promising solution for future power needs.
</blockquote>
ZRA also explained why Zimbabwe and Zambia share the Zambezi River equally despite most of the inflows coming from the Zambian side. It said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority is a bilateral, statutory body jointly owned by the Governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although Zimbabwe contributes 40% and Zambia contributes 60% to the Zambezi catchment, the organization operates on a bilateral basis, ensuring that all industrial, economic, and social benefits along the common border (from Kazungula to Kanyemba/Luangwa) are shared equally, at 50% each.
</blockquote>
Another Zambian citizen suggested that ZRA should migrate to other cleaner sources of energy and abandon hydroelectricity altogether. ZRA responded:
<blockquote>
The solution doesn’t lie in abandoning hydro-power generation, but rather in maximizing its potential by building more hydroelectric schemes along the same river.
This approach would enable power generation at multiple stations using the same water, increasing efficiency and productivity.
For example, the Zambezi River Authority has ambitious plans to construct two dams between Victoria Falls and Kariba Dam, as well as another dam downstream of Kariba Dam.
This strategy would optimize water utilization for power generation, ensuring a more sustainable and efficient use of this valuable resource.
</blockquote>
Meanwhile, ZRA refrained from commenting directly on the plans of the Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) and Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation Limited (ZESCO) to address load-shedding.
However, the Authority hinted that both entities might have strategies in place, such as importing power or augmenting their supply from existing sources.
ZRA revealed that this year’s inadequate inflows into the Barotse flood plains have led to restricted downstream flow. As a result, Lake Kariba’s water levels have significantly decreased.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZRA Rules Out Recycling Lake Kariba Water For Electricity Generation

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), a body corporate jointly established by Zambia and Zimbabwe to manage the Zambezi River Basin, has noted a slight rise in the water level at Lake Kariba.
In its latest update on Wednesday, April 17 2024, ZRA said that the Lake level has steadily been increasing with records of fluctuations being observed due to low outflow from the reservoir.
While the lake level recorded on April 17 2024 (13.88% usable live storage) was significantly lower than was recorded on the same day in 2023 (23.47% usable live storage), there has been a slight increase compared to last week.
On Wednesday, April 10, 2024, ZRA said the lake level had steadily been decreasing, due to low inflow and reduced rainfall activity on and around the lake. The usable live storage last Wednesday was 13.59% but rose by 0.29% during the week to 13.88% today.
Last month, ZRA revealed that it had decided to maintain the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024 to Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power utilities, ZESA and ZESCO respectively, for power generation. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
Given that the outcome of the rainfall forecast is generally below normal, the Authority has maintained the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024, providing for a combined annual average power production of 428MW, shared equally.
Based on the water allocation of 8 BCM per power utility, translating to an average power production of 214MW per Utility to the end of March 2024 when the 1st Quarter 2024 hydrological review falls due as per the standing operational framework for Kariba dam reservoir operations.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Lake Level Rises As ZRA Reduces Water For Power Generation

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on Tuesday, March 19, reported that the water level of Lake Kariba is declining, which is in contrast to its usual hydrological behaviour during this time of the year.
The ZRA attributes this phenomenon to global El Niño weather conditions. El Niño disrupts normal weather patterns, affecting precipitation and river inflow.
The headwaters of the Zambezi River have experienced reduced rainfall activity, leading to diminished inflow into Lake Kariba. Consequently, the recorded flows are below historical averages.
The Chavuma gauging station, situated in Zambia’s North-Western province, monitors river flows as the Zambezi River enters Zambia from Angola. Recent data indicates a slow increase in river flows at this station. However, it remains below the levels observed during the same period last year.
According to ZRA, on March 06 2023, the river flow at Chavuma gauging station was 992m3/s on March 06 2023, whereas on March 06 2024, it was 357m3/s. On March 19, 2023, it was 924m3/s, compared to 371m3/s recorded today, March 19, 2024. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River flow recorded on 19th March 2024 at Victoria Falls has receded from that recorded on 6th March 2024 as indicated below.
Further, the obtaining flows are significantly lower than those recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
On March 06 2023, the river flow at Victoria Falls Gauging Station (Nanas Farm Gauging Station) was 2,569m3/s on March 06 2023, whereas on March 06 2024, it was 794m3/s. On March 19, 2023, it was 2,510m3/s , compared to 751m3/s recorded today, March 19, 2024.
The impacts of low water levels at Lake Kariba include reduced power generation which results in increased load shedding; fluctuations disrupt habitats, breeding grounds, and aquatic life; ships, boats, and ferries face challenges due to shallow waters; and low water levels impact recreational activities such as fishing, boating, and wildlife safaris.
ZRA has also given a detailed explanation of the concepts of Live Storage and Dead Storage at Kariba Dam. It said:
<blockquote>
The water from the Kariba Reservoir is transferred into each of the two power stations for power generation purposes by intakes that are located within the reservoir and near the dam wall.
Owing to the location of the intakes in terms of their height when referenced with the base of the reservoir, the waters of the Kariba Reservoir are split into two, namely, water that is situated below the height of the intakes, which is referred to as Dead Storage, and water that is located above the height of the intakes, which is referred to as Live Storage.
Dead Storage, by virtue of being below the intakes, cannot enter the intakes and hence cannot be used for power generation, while Live Storage, by virtue of being above the intakes, enters the power stations through the intakes and hence can be used for power generation.
It is possible to have a scenario where Live Storage can be completely exhausted while Dead Storage continues to be available in the reservoir.
</blockquote>
Currently, Kariba Dam has a Live Storage of 9.17 BCM which represents 14.16% of the possible 65 BCM of water. ZRA further explained:
<blockquote>
The Kariba Dam Reservoir at full capacity can store 181 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) of water. Of this total amount, 116 BCM would be Dead Storage while 65 BCM would be Live Storage. The Dead Storage remains constant while the maximum possible Live Storage is 65 BCM.
However, the actual Live Storage amount may be less depending on several factors including the occurrence of rainfall which influences the level and volume of Zambezi River inflow into the Lake, evaporation from the Lake and utilization of the obtaining Live Storage by the two Power Stations.
These factors influence the volume of available Live Storage in the Kariba Dam’s Reservoir (Lake Kariba).
Currently, the Reservoir at the obtaining lake level of 477.54 meters above Mean Sea Level has a Live Storage of 9.17 BCM which represents 14.16% of the possible 65 BCM of water.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

"Kariba Dam Water Level Is Falling When It Should Be Rising"

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has directed Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power utilities, ZESA Holdings, and ZESCO Limited to maintain average power production at 214MW until the end of March 2024.
ZRA reduced the water allocation for power generation to the two power utilities by 47%, from 30 billion cubic metres (BCM) in 2023 to 16 BCM in 2024.
In a statement, ZRA said a hydrological review in the coming weeks could result in an increment, reduction or the keeping of the prevailing 8 BCM allocation. ZRA said:
<blockquote>
Given that the outcome of the rainfall forecast is generally below normal, the Authority has maintained the 16 BCM water allocation over the first quarter of 2024, providing for a combined annual average power production of 428MW, shared equally.
Based on the water allocation of 8BCM per power utility, translating to an average power production of 214MW per Utility to the end of March 2024 when the 1st Quarter 2024 hydrological review falls due as per the standing operational framework for Kariba dam reservoir operations.
The hydrological review will among other factors considering the actual performance of the 2023/2024 rainfall season and the resulting inflows into the lake over the first quarter of the year 2024.
The results of the hydrological simulations could result in an increment, reduction or the keeping of the prevailing 2024 water allocation as is.
</blockquote>
ZRA also said to date, the Kariba Catchment has recorded below-normal rainfall due to the persisting effects of El Niño weather conditions.
It warned that there is a possibility that Kariba inflows this rainy season will be one of the lowest on record
ZRA urged the power utilities to adhere strictly to their respective water allocation thresholds to sustain generation to the end of the year.
The Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) has been generating between 500 MW and 650 MW at Kariba Hydro over the past few weeks, but this Thursday, 07 March, generation had been reduced to a paltry 300 MW.
This week, most parts of the country have been spending up to 15 hours without electricity after weeks of relatively constant power supply.
Zimbabwe’s power demand stands at 2 100MW, yet today, ZPC was generating 684 MW from Hwange, and 300 MW from Kariba, with IPPs producing 28 MW to give a total of 1 012 MW.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Power Generation Slashed To 214 MW

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has announced that the water levels have risen higher compared to the same time last year. In a statement seen by Pindula News, the authority said as of January 2, 2024, the water level was measured at 477.25 meters. Read the statement:
<blockquote>
<h3>LAKE KARIBA WEEKLY LEVELS IN METERS</h3>
The Lake level is RISING, due to increased rainfall activity on the lake and immediate catchment, closing the period under review at 477.25m (12.11% usable storage) on 2nd January 2024, compared to 475.63m (0.97% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
Lake Kariba is vital for providing hydroelectric power to Zimbabwe and Zambia. The water from the lake is used to generate electricity in the Kariba Dam. When the water levels are higher, more power can be produced. This helps ensure a steady supply of electricity for the people, making it more reliable. However, in recent years, Lake Kariba has been facing a water shortage, which has caused problems for power generation. The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has restricted the amount of water that can be used from the lake by Zimbabwe and Zambia. Unfortunately, this restriction has worsened the power outages in Zimbabwe. The reduced water supply means that there isn’t enough electricity being generated, leading to more frequent power cuts in the country.
Lake Kariba is also vital for irrigation. Moreover, the lake’s diverse ecosystem benefits from high water levels, preserving aquatic habitats and supporting biodiversity. Also, as a popular tourist destination, increased water levels attract visitors for boating, fishing, and wildlife viewing. This boosts local tourism, the economy, and job creation. Lake Kariba is also an important water source for domestic and industrial needs, ensuring sufficient supply for drinking, sanitation, and industries like agriculture, manufacturing, and mining.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Water Levels Have Risen At Lake Kariba - ZRA

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has reduced the amount of water allotted for power generation at the Kariba Dam by 47% to 16 billion cubic metres (BCM) from 30 BCM.
In a recent statement, ZRA said that the reduction in the amount of water allotted for power generation in 2024 was necessitated by low water levels in the largest man-made lake and the anticipated normal to below normal 2023/2024 rainfall season in part of Kariba’s catchment area.
Zambia Electricity Supply Authority (ZESCO) and Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC), a ZESA power generation unit, will each receive an allocation of 8 BCM starting this week, down from the current 15 BCM.
ZPC operates the Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station and ZESCO manages the Kariba North Bank Power Station. Said ZRA:
<blockquote>
ZRA hereby announces that it has allocated 16 BCM of water to be shared equally between the two power utilities (ZESCO and ZPC) for their power generation operations at Kariba for the year 2024.
The 2024 water allocation was informed by the 2023/2024 rainfall forecasts made by the Southern Africa Climate Outlook Forum-27 and the corresponding downscaled projections by the National Metrological Agencies of Zambia and Zimbabwe, which all showed a high probability of a normal to below normal 2023/2024 rainfall season for the Kariba Lower Catchment and normal to above normal rainfall season for the Kariba Upper Catchment.
This general outlook is highly influenced by the increasing occurrence of El Niño weather conditions, which are expected to significantly negatively impact the rainfall season in southern Africa.
Hydrological simulations carried out by the authority using the Kariba Inflow Forecasting System that is based on satellite rainfall measurements and numerical weather forecasts, providing short-term and seasonal flow forecasts, considering the high likelihood of a below-average rainfall season which, in turn, will likely result in below average inflows into Lake Kariba thereby negatively impacting the volume of water available for power generation during the year 2024.
Accordingly, power utilities have been advised to consider alternative sources of power to complement generation at Kariba to fill any power generation deficit that could arise due to the lower water allocation at Kariba for the year 2024.
</blockquote>
The downward revision of the water allocation for 2024 for ZPC and ZESCO negatively will impact power generation in Zimbabwe and Zambia and will most likely result in increased load shedding.
Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station is Zimbabwe’s most reliable power plant. Hwange Power Station is now very old and two units that were commissioned this year have a combined capacity of 600MW, about a third of the country’s electricity needs.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Kariba Dam Water Allocation For Electricity Generation Slashed By 47%

A man from Kariba, Zimbabwe, narrated his harrowing experience of surviving a boat accident on <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Lake_Kariba/">Lake Kariba</a>. Success Ruzvidzo, along with his son Irvin and two others, was travelling to local fishing camps to buy fish when their vessel was hit by heavy currents and capsised. While two of the passengers were rescued by other boats, Ruzvidzo and his son were washed away by the strong waters and spent the night holding onto a cooler box for safety.
The accident occurred on December 13, about 20km from the Muchenga fishing camp. Ruzvidzo said that they tried to seek safety offshore, but a powerful whirlwind hit their boat, causing it to lose control and capsize. They found themselves stranded in the water, fighting to survive, <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200021503/man-swept-away-at-lake-kariba-narrates-ordeal">NewsDay</a> reported. He narrated:
<blockquote>
The heavy storm kept hitting us but we were brave enough and kept fighting for survival. Around 3pm, a boat came for rescue but before it reached the point where we were, it ran out of fuel. The storm from that time continued hitting us but we couldn’t lose hope.
We spent the night in the water after failing to get help.
We only got help around 12 noon the following day but water kept hitting us taking us to areas such as Spurwing Islands and back in deep points of the lake.
</blockquote>
They were taken to the hospital for medical attention and later discharged.
Adan Nyekete, the captain from the inland and water department, mobilised search teams to find Ruzvidzo and his son. After an extensive search, they were located and brought to safety.
The Lake Kariba is one of the largest man-made dams in Africa. It is located in Kariba in the Mashonaland West Province. It flows between Zimbabwe with Zambia. The holiday resort has lodges, cottages, self-catering campsites and hotels which visitors may and wild animals to view.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Man Narrates How He And His Son Were Swept Away By Waters On Lake Kariba

Two men and a woman are missing after a canoe boat they were on overturned on Lake Kariba on Friday.
In a post on X, the Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) said that the incident occurred at Nyaodza Point near Lake Harvest cages. Police said:
<blockquote>
The ZRP is investigating a drowning incident that occurred on 20/10/23 at Nyaodza Point near Lake Harvest cages, Lake Kariba where a canoe boat with four occupants capsized.
One person escaped while three others, two men and a woman, are missing.
</blockquote>
In an unrelated incident, the ZRP said that four people were killed when a mine shaft they were working in collapsed at Murereka also on Friday. Police said:
<blockquote>
The ZRP confirms a mine incident that occurred at Kangela Mine, D Troop area, Chikuti, Murereka on 20/10/23 in which four people were killed when a mine shaft they were working in collapsed.
The bodies were retrieved from the shaft by villagers and were taken to Chinhoyi Provincial Hospital mortuary for post-mortem.
</blockquote>
Mining accidents are common in Zimbabwe due to rampant illegal gold mining, with most of the people involved in gold panning undertaking their activities in unsafe environments.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Three People Missing After Boat Capsizes On Lake Kariba

A Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) boat sank in Lake Kariba, leading to a distressing situation where the crew fought for their lives in one of Africa’s largest man-made reservoirs.
Although specific details of the accident were not yet available, a widely circulated video depicted police officers desperately calling for help while rescue boats rushed to reach them.
Captain Adan Nyekete of the Department of Waters and Inland Lake confirmed the incident, stating that the boat was undergoing a test run when it capsized. Water entered through the bottom, causing the vessel to sink. Nyekete said:
<blockquote>
We have received reports of the boat which capsized in Lake Kariba. The said the boat was on a test run when the accident happened when water entered through its bottom and the vessel started sinking.
</blockquote>
This incident has deeply shaken the Kariba community, especially considering a recent boat accident near the Nyaodza fishing camp that resulted in the loss of four lives.
In response to these tragedies, stakeholders are demanding a thorough review of maintenance protocols and safety equipment provisions for boats in Kariba. Concerns have grown surrounding the safety standards of water vessels in the region, prompting calls for improved safety measures.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Zimbabwe Police Boat Sinks In Lake Kariba, Leaving Crew In Life-Threatening Situation

Two members of the Zimbabwe National Army (ZNA) were among four people who died on Saturday after their boat sank on Lake Kariba.
ZRP spokesman Assistant Commissioner Paul Nyathi said the incident occurred near Tsetse Island, Kariba around 12:30 PM on 16 September 2023.
The four deceased people were identified as follows:
<ul>
<li>Sergeant Tatenda Nekati (36) of the Zimbabwe National Army</li>
<li>Corporal Nxobile Ncube of the Zimbabwe National Army</li>
<li>Trust Phiri (24) of Chilimba Village Negande, Kariba</li>
<li>Adson Mupiringano (40) of Batonga, Kariba</li>
</ul>
Asst Comm Nyathi said the bodies of the victims were retrieved on 17th and 18th September 2023 and were taken to Kariba District mortuary for post-mortem.
He urged members of the public to be safety conscious when using dinghy boats.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Two Soldiers Among Four People Who Drowned In Lake Kariba

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) on Tuesday, 18 July 2023, issued an update on the water situation in the Kariba Catchment and lake levels at the Kariba Dam. Read the update below:
<blockquote>
UPDATE ON WATER LEVELS AT LAKE KARIBA
Lusaka, 18th July 2023 – The Zambezi River Authority (the Authority) hereby updates the public regarding the water situation in the Kariba Catchment and lake levels at the Kariba Dam as the third quarter of the year 2023 progresses.
With the 2022/23 rainfall season having effectively ended in April 2023, the Kariba Catchment is no longer experiencing any rainfall activities.
As per normal trend following the end of a rainfall season, flows of the Zambezi River and its tributaries are now receding and this downward trend is expected to continue until the commencement of the next rainfall season (2023/2024 rainfall season).
ZAMBEZI RIVER FLOWS AS MONITORED AT CHAVUMA GAUGING STATION
The Zambezi River flow recorded at Chavuma on 18th July 2023 was 241 m3/s. The flow recorded on the same date in 2022 was marginally lower at 235 m3/s.
The highest peak reached at this station under the just-ended 2022/2023 rainfall season was 2,614 m3/s recorded on 15th April 2023.
The current recession will continue until the commencement of the upcoming 2023/2024 rainfall season.
ZAMBEZI RIVER FLOWS AS MONITORED AT VICTORIA FALLS GAUGING STATION
The Zambezi River flows recorded at Victoria Falls have also been in recession since the start of June 2023.
The flow recorded on 18th July 2023 was 950 m3/s. The flow recorded on the same date in 2022 was lower at 873 m3/s.
The highest peak reached at this station under the now-ended 2022/2023 rainfall season was 2,718 m3/s recorded on 27th May 2023.
The current recession will continue up to the time the 2023/2024 rainfall season commences.
LAKE LEVELS RECORDED AT KARIBA
The Lake level has risen from being just over the Minimum Operating Level of 475m in January 2023 to over 479 m recorded as the month of June 2023 ended.
More recently, on 18th July 2023, the recorded lake level was 479.87m which translates to 20 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM) or 30.87% of usable storage meant for power generation by the two utilities – ZESCO Limited and Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC) who operate the Kariba North Bank Power Station and Kariba South Power Station, respectively.
On the same date in 2022, the recorded lake level was 479.94m with 20.33 BCM of usable water or 31.37% live storage.
The current level places the lake at 4.37 meters above the Minimum Operating Level (MOL) of 475.50m.
WATER ALLOCATION FOR POWER GENERATION AT KARIBA
The Authority allocated 40 BCM in September 2022 for the power generation in 2023 at the Kariba Complex to be shared equally between Zimbabwe Power Company-owned Kariba South Bank and ZESCO Ltd-owned Kariba North Bank power stations.
The allocation was informed by projections from the Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum (SARCOF)-26 that was held in August 2022 and further reconfirmed by the downscaled positions of the Metrological Agencies of Zambia and Zimbabwe, which both projected that the SADC and Kariba catchment region was to experience Normal to Above Normal for the 2022/23 rainfall season.
The actual performance of the 2022/23 rainfall season for the lower Kariba catchment, however, turned out to be Normal to Below Normal.
Accordingly, through the first quarter hydrological analysis, the Authority reduced the water allocation from 40 BCM to 30 BCM to be shared equally between ZESCO and ZPC at their Kariba Stations.
In this regard, the Authority will keep the public informed accordingly.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zambezi River Authority Update On Water Levels At Lake Kariba | Full Statement

ZESA Holdings is managing its water allocation from the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) for power generation at Kariba South Bank Hydro Power Plant to ensure that it does not exhaust its share prematurely.
This was said by ZESA consultant (international business) Cletus Nyachowe during <a href="https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/hwange-units-1-6-refurb-begins">an interview</a> with State media. He said:
<blockquote>
The Zambezi River Authority, which manages water in Kariba Dam and allocates a certain amount of water to ZPC and ZESCO of Zambia for power generation, has given us the latitude to vary our power output from Kariba on condition that our overall water condition is maintained within its set limits.
Another point you may want to note is that when you see us generating between 800MW and 892MW at Kariba, that power output is probably on for an hour or less.
During the day, it is regulated up and down as and when required. So, normally that maximum output is only generated during peak demand periods.
We are operating Kariba very carefully and within our water limits.
</blockquote>
In January this year, ZRA announced plans to review the Tripartite Water Purchase Agreement to stiffen penalties against the over-utilisation of Lake Kariba and Zambezi River water.
ZRA Chief Executive, Munyaradzi Munodawafa said the Council of Ministers Resolution needed to be fully implemented to effectively regulate the utilisation of water.
He made the remarks during his visit to the Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project site.
In November 2022, ZRA which runs the Kariba Dam <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/severe-load-shedding-looms-as-zra-tells-zesa-to-shut-down-kariba-power-station/">ordered ZPC to cut electricity generation by half owing to low water levels.</a>
ZRA which is jointly owned by Zimbabwe and Zambia told ZPC that the dam “no longer has any usable water to continue undertaking power generation operations.”
The directive saw ZESA Holdings implementing a tough load-shedding regime that saw consumers being plunged into darkness for at least 20 hours per day.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zambezi River Authority Set Limits On Water Usage At Lake Kariba

Zimbabwean international footballer Marvelous Nakamba, who is in the country for the season break, has invited his Aston Villa teammates to experience Victoria Falls to market Zimbabwe as a tourism destination.
The waterfall is a popular attraction for tourists from all over the world, contributing significantly to Zimbabwe’s gross domestic product. Speaking about the invite to his teammates, Nakamba said:
<blockquote>
I am excited to be back home and looking forward to the projects that I have with the (Marvelous Nakamba) Foundation lined up. As you know the foundation is all about the youths as we try to support them in all possible ways we can be it academic, sport, or skills transfer, we are all about their empowerment and capacitation so that they reach their full potential.
Besides the Foundation I am also excited to be hosting my teammates from Aston Villa. I’m proud of my country hence I marketed Zimbabwe, especially Victoria Falls to my teammates at Aston Villa. John McGinn is coming in tomorrow and I’m expecting the other players to come in later on during the week. This is good for business and also for me as people will now know that Zimbabwe is a beautiful and safe place to visit.
</blockquote>
Nakamba, who has been transfer-listed by Aston Villa, is expected to seal a permanent move to Luton town, where he played a vital role in their promotion to the English Premier League.
Zimbabwean sportspersons, including Marvelous Nakamba and Tino Kadewere, have been promoting Zimbabwean tourism. In 2021, Kadewere, a Zimbabwe Tourism Authority ambassador, enlisted Olympique Lyon teammates to promote the country, resulting in a video shared on social media. The video encouraged people to visit Zimbabwe and was shared by the ZTA and Lyon on Twitter. Kadewere was appointed tourism ambassador after meeting President Emmerson Mnangagwa at the State House in 2020.
Zimbabwe is a beautiful country with many breathtaking tourist attractions. Here are seven of its top resorts to visit:
<ol>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Victoria_Falls/">Victoria Falls</a> – a natural wonder and <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">UNESCO World Heritage</a> site</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Hwange_National_Park/">Hwange National Park</a> – Zimbabwe’s largest game reserve</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Great_Zimbabwe_National_Monument/">Great Zimbabwe National Monument</a> – an ancient city ruin and <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">UNESCO World Heritage site</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Mana_Pools_National_Park/">Mana Pools National Park</a> – a <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">wildlife conservation area</a> with stunning scenery</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Matobo_National_Park/">Matobo National Park</a> – a UNESCO World Heritage site with ancient rock formations and diverse wildlife</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Lake_Kariba/">Lake Kariba</a> – a man-made lake with beautiful scenery and fishing opportunities</li>
<li><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Chimanimani_National_Park/">Chimanimani National Park</a> – a mountainous area with beautiful landscapes and hiking trails.</li>
</ol>
Victoria Falls, the Seventh World Wonder, has attracted many celebrities, influencers, and prominent people to visit the resort city and enjoy its natural beauty. Among them are <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Angelina Jolie</a> and Brad Pitt, Mick Jagger, Michael Palin, <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Bill Gates</a>, <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Kate Middleton</a> and <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Prince William</a>, <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Steve Harvey</a>, <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Will Smith</a>, and Tommy Hilfiger.
They all marvelled at the majestic waterfall and its surroundings. <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Victoria Falls</a> has become a popular destination for tourists and celebrities alike, showcasing Zimbabwe’s beauty and culture. With its stunning landscapes and rich wildlife, Zimbabwe is poised to become a top tourism destination, and Victoria Falls remains one of its most popular attractions.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Marvelous Nakamba Invites Aston Villa Teammates To Visit Zimbabwe's Victoria Falls

Zimbabwe’s electricity crisis will not end any time soon after the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) this week cut the amount of water allocated to ZESA and ZESCO for power generation at Kariba Dam.
ZESA and Zambia’s power utility ZESCO, equally share water at Kariba Dam for power generation.
ZRA executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa told <a href="https://businesstimes.co.zw/setback-as-zra-cuts-water-allocation-at-kariba/">Business Times</a> that ZESA and ZESCO are now utilising 15 billion cubic metres each from 22.5 billion cubic metres, which was allocated for the year 2022.
Speaking to the publication on the sidelines of the Zimbabwe International Trade Fair International Business Conference on Wednesday, Munodawafa said:
<blockquote>
We have cut the water allocation to 15 billion cubic metres each from 22.5 billion metres with immediate effect. 
Last week, we concluded our water allocation reviews and have since written to the power utilities to adhere to the new limits. We are also going to limit their generation load.
</blockquote>
According to Business Times, this is the second worst allocation in the history of ZRA.
The worst allocation was effected in 1995, when ZRA allocated 11 billion cubic metres to the power utilities.
Munodawafa said the reason for the cut is that the region as a whole did not receive normal to above normal as had been forecasted. He said:
<blockquote>
But this did not happen. On the Zimbabwe side, Gwayi River did not register any flow into the lake Kariba. There were, however, some flashes from Sanyati River.
The Angolan catchment which usually supplies more water into Lake Kariba was also below what it used to do.
But what is funny is that the Kafue catchment in Zambia is actually spilling.
However, we will not be that strict until the end of the winter agriculture season in July.
After July, we will be tough with ZESA and ZESCO. Next year, it’s likely to be worse.
</blockquote>
The water cuts come as ZESA this week said it has been engaging ZRA for “more water allocation”.
ZESA general manager, stakeholder relations, communications and welfare, George Manyaya said told Business Times they haven’t received the letter yet from ZRA on the latest water allocation cut.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZRA Cuts Kariba Dam Water Allocation For Electricity Generation

The government of Zimbabwe and Zambia have directed the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) to mediate in negotiations for a clear borderline between the two countries on Lake Kariba’s waters.
The <a href="https://www.theindependent.co.zw/local-news/article/200010155/zra-to-mediate-in-zim-zambia-border-impasse">Zimbabwe Independent</a> reported that the boundary between Zimbabwe and Zambia on the 300-kilometer-long Lake Kariba is not clearly demarcated in many places.
Lake Kariba was built during the federation era when modern Zimbabwe, Zambia, and Malawi were treated by colonialists as one entity.
Since the official dissolution of the federation on 31 December 1963, there has been no clear boundary on Lake Kariba between Zimbabwe and Zambia, formerly Southern Rhodesia and Northern Rhodesia, respectively.
As a result, fishermen and other citizens have been arrested for the alleged transgression by both sides.
Heavy penalties have also been given to fishermen, most of whom would be working without the intention to illegally cross the border.
Last week, during a tour of the Zambezi Basin, officials confirmed that ZRA would mediate talks over the Lake Kariba border issue.
Speaking during the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) experiential tour of Lake Kariba in Siavonga, Zambia, ZRA chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa, said:
<blockquote>
In some of our activities, ZRA has been asked by authorities in Zimbabwe and Zambia to assist in identifying borderlines between the two countries.
We are working with the two countries’ surveyors’ general offices in re-affirming the borders along Lake Kariba so that they resolve disputes associated with each other’s citizens who are arrested along the dam.
</blockquote>
Zimbabwe’s surveyor general Edwin Guvaza said the two countries have agreed to physically mark the boundary along Lake Kariba to make the boundary more clear. Guvaza said:
<blockquote>
The working relationship between the two sister countries is cordial as far as the reaffirmation exercise of the common boundary is concerned and the medium filum of the Zambezi River is the boundary between the two countries, except along segments where we do have islands featuring along the river, especially around the Victoria Falls segment and along Lake Kariba.
In that regard, we have agreed with our counterparts to physically mark the boundary along Lake Kariba to make the boundary conspicuous, by establishing floating buoys fixed along the boundary. This will enhance fishing activities along the Lake in both countries, to guide fishermen as they carry out their activities on the lake.
As it stands, it is difficult for the fishermen to identify where the boundary is, hence territorial encroachments are bound to happen.
</blockquote>
Kariba Dam was built between 1955 and 1959, with later work adding turbine rooms to generate electricity.
It was completed during the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland and is jointly owned by Zimbabwe and Zambia.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Zimbabwe, Zambia Appoint Mediator To Resolve Border Impasse

The fishing camps dotted around Lake Kariba and have become hotspots for fish for sex which involves sex workers trading sex for fish.
This was said by National Aids Council (NAC) chief executive Bernard Madzima on Monday.
<a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200010025/kariba-fishermen-in-sex-for-fish-trade">NewsDay</a> reported Madzima as saying the sex for fish trade was hampering efforts to reduce the prevalence of HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe.
Madzima noted that prostitution in fishing camps was leading to a new wave of HIV infections as well as sexually-transmitted infections. He said:
<blockquote>
In Kariba, fisheries have been identified as hotspots where there is rampant trade of fish for sex.
There is a new phenomenon where sex workers now cohabit with male fishermen in exchange for fish.
As an organisation, we have trained 10 female peer sex workers and 10 male peer fishermen to conduct HIV and AIDS peer education and condom distribution in Kariba where this issue is rampant.
</blockquote>
Some of the fishing camps affected by the sex-for-fish practice include Gatshe Gatshe, Ndomo, Musamba, Muchenga in Kariba and Kalulwe, Simatelele and Chibuyu in Binga.
Last year, Zimbabwe became the first African country to approve injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) medicine to help reduce the rate of new infections.
PrEP is for people who don’t have HIV and are at risk of getting HIV from sex or injection drug use.
According to CDC, injectable PrEP with CAB is highly effective at protecting patients from HIV and is for adults and adolescents who weigh at least 35 kg and are at risk of getting HIV through sex.
The US Embassy in Zimbabwe said that in 2020, 1.23 million adults in Zimbabwe were living with HIV. This constituted 12.9 percent of the adult population.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Lake Kariba A Hotspot For Fish For Sex Trade - NAC

The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) says climate change has affected Lake Kariba which has resulted in ever-decreasing water levels.
Speaking at the launch of the Lake Kariba Inshore Fisheries Management Plan in Kariba, sub-regional coordinator for Southern Africa, Patrice Talla, said;
<blockquote>
Climate change has affected Lake Kariba and its environs as envisaged by fluctuating lake water levels that have affected electricity availability.
Fisheries have also been affected by the changes. Research conducted in Lake Kariba has shown that increasing temperatures affect fisheries productivity and the fluctuating lake water levels affect the actual fishing activities by fishery-dependent communities.
Although we face these and many other challenges, this launch event meeting has presented an opportunity for key fisheries stakeholders to meet.
Enhancing the sustainability of small-scale fisheries of Lake Kariba is necessary for improving fisheries management and also improving the availability of fish for food security and economic growth.
</blockquote>
Lake Kariba provides water for electricity generation to both Zimbabwe and Zambia.
There are two power stations drawing water from the Lake, that is, Kariba South Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed capacity of 1 050MW and Kariba North Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed capacity of 1 080MW.
According to the UN, climate change is caused by the following:
<ul>
<li>Generating electricity and heat by burning fossil fuels causes a large chunk of global emissions.</li>
<li>Manufacturing and industry which produce emissions, mostly from burning fossil fuels to produce energy for making things like cement, iron, steel, electronics, plastics, clothes, and other goods.</li>
<li>Cutting down forests to create farms or pastures</li>
<li>Transportation is a major contributor of greenhouse gases, especially carbon-dioxide emissions.</li>
<li>Producing food causes emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases in various ways.</li>
<li>Powering buildings, both residential and commercial buildings which consume over half of all electricity.</li>
<li>Excessive consumption</li>
</ul>
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Climate Change Hits Lake Kariba

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has said the rehabilitation of the Kariba Dam is now close to completion.
The Kariba Dam Rehabilitation Project is funded by the African Development Bank, and the European Union with counterpart funding by Zambia and Zimbabwe.
The rehabilitation of the reservoir has two work components – the plunge pool reshaping and the spillway refurbishment.
<a href="https://www.lusakatimes.com/2023/04/06/kariba-dam-rehab-progresses/">Lusaka Times</a> reported ZRA chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa as saying reshaping works are at 74 percent completion with a disbursement ratio of 75 percent.
He said the coffer dam has been completed, about a 36-metre depth of the plunge pool has been dewatered and the preparatory works for the fault zone strengthening measures have started. Said Munodawafa:
<blockquote>
To date, the project has realised several significant milestones which have gradually drawn it much closer to completion, despite the numerous challenges and setbacks that have been encountered since commencement.
Significant progress has accrued in implementation of the spillway rehabilitation work, with key milestones achieved todate being the successful installation of the coffer dams in sluices six, three, two and one.
The expected date of completion of the spillway refurbishment works is February 2025,
</blockquote>
Lake Kariba has been in operation since 1960 and has been meeting the water needs of the two power utility companies – ZESCO in Zambia and ZESA in Zimbabwe – for power generation.
However, the safety of the dam faced the threat of being compromised by two major deficiencies relating to the plunge pool and the spillway, according to Munodawafa.
He said the plunge pool has progressively deepened on account of the forces of the spilling water jets.
Munodawafa said the abrasion within the plunge pool, to its current depth of about 80 metres has been accompanied by preferential erosion towards the dam foundation. This can result in catastrophic dam failure.
Moreover, the spillway facility has been affected by an alkali-aggregate reaction, a concrete swelling phenomenon that causes operational challenges for the hydromechanical parts of the facility.
One of the consultants engaged by ZRA, Mott MacDonald, said that a catastrophic failure of the dam would result in the loss of over three million lives in the downstream riparian communities.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Lake Kariba Rehabilitation Nears Completion - ZRA

Chinese state-owned energy conglomerate, China Energy Engineering Corporation has proposed building a 1 000-megawatt floating solar farm for Zimbabwe on Lake Kariba.
The company said the civil engineering works would cost US$186 million and installation US$801 million, reported <a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-27/china-energy-proposes-1-billion-floating-solar-farm-in-zimbabwe?srnd=premium-africa#xj4y7vzkg">Bloomberg</a>.
According to an official report that was prepared for China Energy and potential private equity funders by the company, more than 1.8 million photovoltaic panels installed over 146 modular floating units would be used for the project on Lake Kariba if it went ahead.
China Energy has installed floating panels on China’s Dingzhuang River and in Thailand, the company said in the presentation.
The Kariba report was prepared for Zimbabwe Power Co., CDF Trust Ltd., Energy China Ltd., and the Intensive Energy Users Group.
The project would power mining operations in the country and also help Zimbabwe reduce its carbon emissions.
The main benefit of floating solar is that it doesn’t take up valuable space on land – meaning that it can be used for other purposes, such as farming or construction.
Zimbabwe is facing acute electricity shortages that have resulted in blackouts lasting 18 hours a day for millions of citizens.
The power cuts are being caused by low water levels that have reduced generation from a hydropower plant on Lake Kariba as well as frequent breakdowns at the Hwange Thermal Power Station.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

Chinese Power Utility Proposes US$1 Billion Floating Solar Farm On Lake Kariba

The power supply situation in the country is expected to improve in the next few months as usable water for power generation in Lake Kariba increases, an official has said.
According to the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), the water level in the lake has been rising steadily, from 475.61 metres, or 0.83% of live storage water available for power generation, at the beginning of the year, to 477.90 metres on 13 March 2023, which translates to 16.70% usable storage.
Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) commercial services director Engineer Gift Ndlovu said power generation at Kariba has improved to an average of 350MW, up from 250MW early this year.
Speaking in a recent engagement with members of the Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (CZI), Ndlovu said:
<blockquote>
In the short to medium term, the power supply situation is bright because there has been improved dam water levels.
By May or June, it will be able to give us some comfort of around 425MW, increasing from the current production.
</blockquote>
According to <a href="https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/power-supplies-set-to-improve">The Sunday Mail</a>, significant inflows into Kariba usually start being recorded between April and June.

Rising Kariba Water Level To Boost Power Production - ZESA

The Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has increased the generation limit on the Kariba power stations from 300MW to 350MW each.
Zimbabwe’s ZESA Holdings operates the Kariba South hydroelectric power station, while Zambia’s ZESCO operates the Kariba North hydroelectric power station.
ZRA chief executive Munyaradzi Munodawafa told <a href="https://www.herald.co.zw/kariba-generation-limit-inches-up/">The Herald</a> that if power utilities do not exceed their generation limits, there would be room for increased power production. Said Munodawafa:
<blockquote>
The power utilities (ZESA and Zambia’s ZESCO) should generate 700MW between them. I know in Zimbabwe there is winter wheat production.
If the levels of production are maintained up to the end of March, then there shouldn’t be any problems with the allocation for the winter wheat crop production.
</blockquote>
He said Kariba Dam was expected to have received between 40 and 44 billion cubic metres by the end of the season in June.
This will allow ZESA and ZESCO to operate at their base production level of 1 200MW.

Kariba Hydroelectric Power Stations Increase Power Generation To 700MW

The Kariba Lake levels have been rising steadily due to an increase in local rainfall activity on and around the lake.
The Zambezi River flows at Victoria Falls are steadily increasing, as the rainy season progresses, the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) has said.
As of 16 January 2023, ZRA said Kariba Lake level was 475.83m (2.34% usable storage), compared to 478.45m (20.58% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
Towards the end of 2022, ZRA advised Zimbabwe and Zambia’s power utilities to drastically cut electricity generation to due critically low dam levels.
ZRA carries out Zambezi River measurements at eight stations which include Victoria Falls, one of the key stations on the Zambezi River. Some of the other stations are Chavuma, Nana’s Farm, and Ngonye.
On 16 January 2023, ZRA gave an update on the river flows along the Zambezi catchment. Flows at selected stations were as follows:
<blockquote>
<h2>1. CHAVUMA</h2>
Zambezi River flows at Chavuma have been increasing steadily as the rainy season progresses, closing the period under review at 684m3/s on 13th January 2023. The flow recorded last year on the same date was 526m3/s.
<h2>2. NANA’S FARM</h2>
The Zambezi River flows at Nana’s Farm, located some 33km upstream of Victoria Falls (typically the same reach) are steadily increasing, closing the period under review at 579m3/s on 13th January 2023. The flow observed on the same date last year was 585m3/s.
<h2>3. NGONYE</h2>
Flows at Ngonye are rising due to localised rainfall activity, recording 672m3/s at the end of the review period on 13th January 2023. The flow recorded last year on the same date was 592m3/s.
<h2>4. VICTORIA FALLS</h2>
The Zambezi River flows at Victoria Falls are steadily increasing, as the rain season progresses, closing the period under review at 579m3/s on 13th January 2023. The flow observed on the same date last year was 585m3/s.
</blockquote>

Kariba Lake Levels Rise, Zambezi River Flows Increase

ZESA Holdings and its Zambian sister power utility, the Zambia Electricity Supply Commission ZESCO, will be allocated more water by the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA) to increase their electricity generation next month.
For now, ZESA and ZESCO will maintain the combined average generation output at the Kariba hydro-power plant at 500MW.
This was said by ZRA chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa after Zambian Ministers and senior Government officials toured part of the Kariba complex on Wednesday, 11 January. Said Munodawafa:
<blockquote>
The two utilities (ZESCO Limited and ZPC) will maintain combined average generation output at Kariba at 500MW, that is, 250MW ZESCO and 250MW ZPC to the end of January 2023 after which they could increase to 400MW per power station as the flows of the mainstream Zambezi River further increase during both the months of February and March and into the second quarter of the year 2023.
</blockquote>
Munodawafa said the over-utilisation of water by utilities and poor performance of Kariba’s lower catchment rivers led to low water levels being recorded during the last quarter of the year 2022.
He said as of 11 January, the Kariba Lake level was at 475.78 (0.28m above the Minimum Operating Level-MOL of 475.5m). Added Munodawafa:
<blockquote>
Flows in the mainstream Zambezi River are expected to continue increasing going into February 2023.
Lake levels increasing and are projected to significantly increase by April 2023 in line with peak flows of mainstream Zambezi River.
The upper catchment of the Zambezi River is recording increased water levels.
</blockquote>
ZRA is a joint venture corporation owned by the governments of Zimbabwe and Zambia responsible for the management of the Zambezi River waters and the Kariba Dam complex.
The Kariba Dam complex comprises the dam wall and water storage reservoir and other associated ancillary facilities such as lake levels and river in-flows monitoring equipment.

ZRA To Release More Water For Kariba Power Generation

The Kariba Lake has started to increase in the past few days and was at 475.78m (2.00% usable storage) on Wednesday, 11 January 2022.
According to the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), a corporation jointly and equally owned by the governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe, which manages the man-made lake, the increase is attributable to reduced generation and an increase in local rainfall activity on and around the lake. ZRA said in an update:
<blockquote>
The Lake level has started increasing in the past few days due to reduced generation and partly an increase in Local rainfall activity on and around the lake, closing the period under review at 475.78m (2.00% usable storage) on 11th January 2023, compared to 478.33m (19.73% usable storage) recorded on the same date last year.
</blockquote>
ZRA reiterated that Kariba Lake is designed to operate between levels 475.50m and 488.50m (with 0.70m freeboard) for hydropower generation.
On Sunday Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema toured the lake. Speaking after the tour, Hichilema said he will engage his Zimbabwean counterpart, President Emmerson Mnangagwa over the use and management of the Hydroelectricity power plant at Kariba Dam. He said:
<blockquote>
My counterpart [Mnangagwa] on the other side may have a view slightly different from mine. That’s okay, that’s fine. But I believe he too will be concerned; I will be speaking to him tonight [Sunday] or tomorrow [Monday].
For the Zambezi River Authority, we need to engage now in a formal meeting between Zambia and Zimbabwe, the relevant stakeholders, we will ask our foreign ministers to call for a meeting so that we can have a family conversation away from the media.
[The meeting will be] mainly to work together, not to polarise each other. We want the best for Zimbabwe, and I believe Zimbabwe wants what’s best for Zambia.
</blockquote>

Kariba Lake Level In Slight Increase - ZRA

Zambia President Hakainde Hichilema said that he will engage his Zimbabwean counterpart, President Emmerson Mnangagwa over the use and management of the Hydroelectricity power plant at Kariba Dam.
Both Zambia and Zimbabwe are experiencing debilitating power cuts due to reduced electricity generation because of the low water in the dam.
Speaking after his tour of the dam on Sunday, Hichilema suggested that poor engagements between the two countries were partly to blame. He said in a tweet:
<blockquote>
Many factors have contributed to our current state of low electricity generation but most importantly, systems and information sharing, including optimal use of this shared resource are being largely ignored. We will engage all stakeholders about this.
</blockquote>
Speaking after the tour addressing power generation stakeholders in Siavonga, Zambia, the other side of Kariba, Hichilema said:
<blockquote>
My counterpart [Mnangagwa] on the other side may have a view slightly different from mine. That’s okay, that’s fine. But I believe he too will be concerned; I will be speaking to him tonight [Sunday] or tomorrow [Monday].
For the Zambezi River Authority, we need to engage now in a formal meeting between Zambia and Zimbabwe, the relevant stakeholders, we will ask our foreign ministers to call for a meeting so that we can have a family conversation away from the media.
[The meeting will be] mainly to work together, not to polarise each other. We want the best for Zimbabwe, and I believe Zimbabwe wants what’s best for Zambia.
</blockquote>
Lake Kariba is managed by the Zambezi River Authority (ZRA), a corporation jointly and equally owned by the governments of Zambia and Zimbabwe.
ZRA falls under the management of the ministers of energy and finance from both countries.
ZRA’s chief executive officer Munyaradzi Munodawafa told Hichilema that Zambia’s power utility, ZESCO, followed the 2022 programme on power generation, but Zimbabwe’s ZESA did not <a href="https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/zambia-to-engage-zimbabwe-over-use-of-hydro-plant-at-kariba-dam-20230109">reported News24</a>.
He bemoaned the fact that ZRA does not have access to inlets where the power generation is done, hence it cannot stop ZESCO or ZESA from using the river to generate electricity beyond their allocations.
Zimbabwe operates the Kariba South Bank Power Station, which has an installed capacity of 1 050MW, while Zambia operates the Kariba North Bank Power Station which has an installed capacity of 1 080MW.

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