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The United States Embassy in Zimbabwe says the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) is a law and not a sanction.
This contradicts the ZANU PF-led government’s decades-long assertion that “illegal sanctions” imposed on Zimbabwe by the United States of America have devastated the economy and caused immense suffering for the citizens.
In a statement shared on its X page, the U.S. Embassy in Zimbabwe said that it has never had to invoke ZDERA to oppose international financial institutions’ loans or debt restructuring for Zimbabwe. It said:
<blockquote>
Is ZDERA a sanction? Why was it not removed?
The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) has not changed.  ZDERA is a legislative act and is not a sanction.
The United States has never had to invoke ZDERA to oppose international financial institutions’ loans or debt restructuring for Zimbabwe.
ZDERA outlines a clear roadmap for the United States to support the Government of Zimbabwe’s access to concessional financing and possible debt restructuring, but this could only happen once the Government of Zimbabwe has paid its outstanding debt arrears to the international community.
This is why the AfDB-facilitated dialogue is so important. The issues of democracy, governance, economic reform, and land reform addressed in that dialogue relate to many of the issues cited in ZDERA.
</blockquote>
The Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act Of 2001 was passed and ratified by the U.S. Congress purportedly to provide for a transition to democracy and to promote economic recovery in Zimbabwe.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

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ZDERA Is Not A Sanction, And Has Never Been Invoked - US Embassy

A United States government official said the Zimbabwe Development and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) is not a sanction.
ZDERA was signed into law on 21 December 2001 by then United States President George W. Bush in response to Zimbabwe’s “fast-track land reform” programme.
The Act restricted Zimbabwe’s participation in programs by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Monetary Fund. It also resulted in the suspension of structural loans, credits, and guarantees to the Zimbabwean government.
Speaking at a press conference at Crowne Plaza in Harare on Wednesday, 06 March, Laurence Socha, the Chargé d’Affaires at the United States Embassy in Zimbabwe said that Zimbabwe’s economic problems were caused by mismanagement and widespread corruption, and not by ZDERA. He said:
<blockquote>
The Zimbabwe Development and Economic Recovery Act has not changed. But ZDERA is not a sanction. We have never invoked ZDERA to oppose international financial institutions from loans or debt restructuring.
It outlines, ZDERA outlines a clear roadmap for the government of Zimbabwe to access concessional financing and possible debt restructuring.
But this can only happen once the government of Zimbabwe has paid its outstanding debt arrears to the International Community. Messaging on ZDERA might be catchy, but ZDERA is not the problem.
ZDERA is not the cause of Zimbabwe’s economic troubles. Decades of economic mismanagement and widespread corruption are, and they have directly caused lasting economic impacts.
</blockquote>
On Monday, 04 March, the U.S. government sanctioned President Emmerson Mnangagwa, Vice President Constantino Chiwenga, and 9 other influential Zimbabweans under the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act.
The U.S. government accuses Mnangagwa and the other 10 sanctioned individuals of egregious corruption and violating human rights.
Responding to a question about why the U.S. government decided to impose targetted sanctions on certain individuals at this point, Socha said:
<blockquote>
President Biden has determined that the authorities in the executive orders that he signed that implement the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act is the best approach to address human rights and corruption concerns in Zimbabwe.
The US has made regular adjustments to the previously now terminated Zimbabwe sanctions program including adding and removing individuals based on available evidence. U.S. sanctions are not intended to be permanent.
Our sanctions are most effective when they are up to date and reflect realities on the ground and that’s why we made the change this time.
</blockquote>
Socha reiterated the U.S. government’s stance that there are no sanctions on the people of Zimbabwe or its public. He said:
<blockquote>
There are no sanctions on the people of Zimbabwe or its public. I think it’s important to realize that the security and prosperity of a country are not dependent on one individual alone.
The 11 individuals and three entities that are now sanctioned under Global Magnitsky have been determined to be responsible for corruption and human rights abuses.
But I want to leave you with this. We see this as an opportunity. We know it’s an opportunity. We see it as an opening.
We see it as an opportunity for the Government of Zimbabwe to make good on the democratic reforms that it says 
it’s committed to. We see it as an opportunity for business to have a new look at Zimbabwe.
It was hard under the previous program titled the Zimbabwe Sanctions Program to get away from perceptions that you could not do business in Zimbabwe. That’s not true.
And so we hope that business and financial institutions have a new look at Zimbabwe’s markets and connections with its people.
But lastly, we see this as an opening for a constructive relationship between the people of the United States and Zimbabwe so that all 16 million people here have the opportunity to prosper.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZDERA Is Not A Sanction, Says U.S. Official

ZANU PF chief whip <a href="https://pindula.co.zw/Pupurai_Togarepi">Pupurai Togarepi</a> has called for the enactment of a law that prohibits Zimbabweans who call for sanctions to be imposed on the country from running for public office.
Speaking in the National Assembly recently, Togarepi said the laws of Zimbabwe are “too soft” as they allow “sell-outs” and “Judas Iscariots” to participate in elections when they are undermining the country’s sovereignty.
As reported by <a href="https://www.newzimbabwe.com/we-are-too-soft-zanu-pf-pushes-for-law-barring-opposition-members-inviting-sanctions-from-running-in-elections/">NewZimbabwe.com</a>, Togarepi made the comments during a debate on the impact of economic sanctions that were imposed on Zimbabwe by the United States of America and Britain. Said Togarepi:
<blockquote>
As a country at war, it is unfortunate to have some of our people supporting sanctions, going to these places to ask for sanctions.
I want to remind this House that there was a motion that was moved to say that those who look for sanctions must never participate in the governance of this country.
We are too democratic as a people, too democratic for comfort. Why would we even entertain an election with people who are sponsored to destroy Zimbabwe?
Why would we have an opposition that is totally, clearly and vehemently against Zimbabwe and allow them to participate in a democratic election, when they are sanctioning us?
We are a country at war and there are surrogates of imperialism who come here, go to an election with us, sponsored by the same people, we are too soft.
We have people who died for the freedom of Zimbabwe. Some who have no limbs, some who could not even have kids, others whom we do not even know where they were buried trying to liberate this country.
Somebody goes to the same colonisers to say destroy this population, destroy these people to give life to themselves because they are sell-outs. They are sell-outs, they are Judas Iscariots.
</blockquote>
Togarepi said Zimbabwe should no longer allow companies from Western countries to invest in the country. He said:
<blockquote>
We continue to engage them in goodwill. We do all the businesses that we do, we are the most honest people in the world but these self-imposed policemen of the world continue to impose sanctions on our people.
We cannot continue to handle them with kid gloves. It is time that we say this is a war declared on us and our economy.
The same people who sanctioned our country cannot come and do business here. They should stop doing business here.
They cannot make money out of our lithium, our gold, diamond et cetera, while they use the same money to destroy our economy. I think this should come to an end.
</blockquote>
The United States imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe through the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) in the early 2000s over alleged human rights violations.
The U.S. Government passed ZDERA after Zimbabwe embarked on a Land Reform Programme that was marred by violence.
Since the formation of the MDC in 1999, ZANU PF has habitually accused opposition political parties of calling for sanctions to be imposed on the country to facilitate regime change.
More: <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

ZANU PF Wants Law Barring Citizens Who "Invite" Sanctions From Running For Public Office

The United States of America says it will not participate in any financing options for Zimbabwe’s arrears clearance and debt restructuring process through the African Development Bank (AfDB) or otherwise as long as the sanctions it imposed on the country are still in place.
The US imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe under the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA).
<ul>
<li class="text-4xl border-b-2 border-[#e8e9ea] tracking-tight pb-4 font-bold pt-4"><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/2023/05/26/zimbabwes-debt-crisis-here-are-the-lenders-and-how-much-they-are-owed/">Zimbabwe’s Debt Crisis: Here Are The Lenders And How Much They Are Owed</a></li>
</ul>
Speaking during a Roundtable meeting on Zimbabwe’s arrears clearance and debt resolution process dialogue convened on the sidelines of the AfDB annual general meetings on Wednesday in Egypt, US Assistant Secretary of Treasury, Eric Meyer said they will not support Zimbabwe as long as ZDERA is still in force. Said Meyer:
<blockquote>
I know President (Dr) Adesina mentioned ZDERA in the United States. That Act does bind us in opposing lending (to Zimbabwe) from international financial institutions and until definitely certain criteria under ZDERA are made.
I want to touch on what really some of those criteria are. They are related to the rule of law, free and fair elections, pre-elections insisting on international standards, land reform and related civilian authority over the military and the police.
I think you notice that there is a lot of commonality between the working groups and strategic dialogue that President Chissano outlined this evening and that is what my Government is bound to meet and that is what we are monitoring and looking at.
Until these conditions are met we are not able to participate in financing options for Zimbabwe through the African Development Bank or otherwise.
We are participating in this (Wednesday) strategic dialogue and we are doing this because of the importance of these reforms that extend beyond everything.
These reforms if successfully executed will create the conditions for social and economic growth in Zimbabwe.
I want to take this opportunity to thank Your Excellence President Adesina and President Chissano for your important remarks today (Wednesday) outlining the challenges in the process that has been undertaken here.
I have been thinking about speaking and I realised there is always a risk of the United States supporting this or the United States does not support this.
That is not what we are going to do. What we are going to do is welcome the opportunity to participate in this strategic dialogue.
This is a process that presents an opportunity for Zimbabwe to work with its partners on reforms and measure progress along the way. That’s really important.
For Zimbabwe to reach its ultimate goal of debt resolution the discussions in the dialogue must be supported by actions as has been discussed earlier today.
It’s imperative for Zimbabwe to demonstrate credible progress in implementing governance, economic and land reforms.
Not just reaching agreements with partners but not implementing those agreements.
Building trust and progress takes time and it’s important for Zimbabwe to stay on course through that process.
</blockquote>
Akinwumi Adesina, who is the African Development Bank President, was appointed as leader of Zimbabwe’s arrears clearance and debt process by President Emmerson Mnangagwa in 2022.
Former Mozambique president, Joachim Chissano, was appointed the facilitator between the Zimbabwean government as a debtor, bilateral credit partners, and other relevant stakeholders.
The US enacted ZDERA in 2001 in response to Zimbabwe’s “fast-track land reform” programme.
The US put the Zimbabwean government on a credit freeze through ZDERA (specifically Section 4C titled Multilateral Financing Restriction).
ZDERA forbids US citizens who have senior positions in many multi-lateral institutions from voting for Zimbabwe’s support in areas they have influence.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

United States Declines To Support Funding Zimbabwe's Arrears Clearance, Debt Restructuring

Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) Governor John Mangudya has said Zimbabwe remains under economic sanctions that have hampered the movement of funds and trade in the past two decades.
On Monday Mangudya said there are no sanctions on Zimbabwean imports and exports, including on gold, and this was interpreted by some commentators as an admission by the central bank governor that the country is not under sanctions.
Speaking in an interview with <a href="https://www.herald.co.zw/mangudya-clears-air-on-economic-sanctions/">The Herald</a> on Tuesday, Mangudya said sanctions in the form of the Zimbabwe Democracy Recovery Act (ZDERA) remain. He said:
<blockquote>
Sanctions on Zimbabwe are through ZDERA and augmented by OFAC through placing entities on the designated list of sanctions.
What this means is that whilst these sanctions are not directly on trade per se they negatively affect the movement of funds within the international banking system.
The Zimbabwean banking sector has lost a substantial number of corresponding banking relationships over the past 20 years, through de-risking, because of the OFAC sanctions.
OFAC sanctions also affect the smooth flow of funds across borders as financial institutions are obligated to comply with OFAC sanctions.
ZDERA on the other hand is designed to put a credit freeze on official financial flows to Zimbabwe.
</blockquote>
ZDERA was passed by the United States government in 2001 in response to what was described as the “fast-track land reform” in Zimbabwe.
In 2021, the U.S. Embassy in Harare said ZDERA calls for the Government of Zimbabwe to restore rule of law, hold free and fair elections, commit to equitable and transparent land reform, and subordinate military and national police to civilian government.
More: <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a>

I Did Not Say There Are No Sanctions On Zimbabwe - Mangudya

A member of the United States Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Jim Risch, R-Idaho, has outlined what Zimbabwe needs to do for sanctions to be removed.
In 2021, the U.S. government passed the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (ZDERA) in response to alleged human rights violations.
Under the law, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury instructed the U.S. executive director of each international financial institution to “oppose and vote against” any extension by the respective institution of any loan credit, or guarantee to the Government of Zimbabwe.
ZDERA also bars U.S. officials from supporting any cancellation or reduction of indebtedness owed by the Government of Zimbabwe to the United States or any international financial institution.
Posting on Twitter on Wednesday, Senator Risch said the sanctions will only be removed after the Government of Zimbabwe embarks on genuine democratic reforms and stops abusing its citizens. <a href="https://twitter.com/SenateForeign/status/1585328354009395200">He said</a>:
<blockquote>
#SADC’s #Zimbabwe anti-sanctions day was a day of solidarity for #Zim’s most corrupt #humanrights abusers. Despite their self-serving efforts, sanctions remain. A change will only occur when the gov’t embarks on genuine democratic reforms and stops abusing its citizens.
</blockquote>
On 25 October, now the SADC Anti-sanctions Day, the government sponsored anti-sanctions marches across the country calling for the removal of the restrictions.
The Chairperson of SADC, Felix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo, who is the President of the Democratic Republic of Congo, also issued a statement calling for the lifting of all sanctions imposed on Zimbabwe.

United States Senator Says Anti-sanctions Marches Are A Waste Of Time

South Africa’s president, Cyril Ramaphosa has told United States president, Joe Biden that sanctions on Zimbabwe are affecting other countries in the region as economic migrants from Zimbabwe are fleeing to neighbouring countries.
Peter Ndoro, a broadcast journalist posted on Twitter:
<blockquote>
Meeting with President Biden, President Ramaphosa raised the issue of <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23sanctions" rel="hashtag noopener" target="_blank">#sanctions</a> on <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23Zimbabwe" rel="hashtag noopener" target="_blank">#Zimbabwe</a>. He explained to President Biden that Zim sanctions affect other countries in the region as economic migrants are forced to leave <a href="https://twitter.com/search?q=%23Zimbabwe" rel="hashtag noopener" target="_blank">#Zimbabwe</a> in their droves to seek economic opportunities.
</blockquote>
A senior Biden administration official told reporters earlier in the day that the United States president wanted to discuss the war in Ukraine with Ramaphosa, and hear the South African leader’s “thoughts on the best way forward”.
Biden, who has led an international coalition in applying a slew of economic sanctions against Russian President Vladimir Putin over the war, wants South Africa’s help in those efforts.
But the South African government has resisted calls to directly condemn Russia for the invasion citing close historical ties to Moscow due to the Soviet Union’s support for the anti-apartheid struggle.
Meanwhile, some argue that the economic crisis in Zimbabwe was caused by corruption and looting of national resources by political elites in the ruling ZANU PF, not by sanctions imposed on the southern African country at the turn of the millennium.
The U.S. imposed sanctions, known as <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_Democracy_and_Economic_Recovery_Act_Of_2001">ZDERA</a> on Zimbabwe following Robert Mugabe’s administration-initiated fast-track land reform programme that was marred by “gross human rights violations.” 
America has always maintained that sanctions were attracted by human rights violations and will only be removed when Zimbabwe implement requisite reforms.
Statistics suggest that hundreds of thousands of Zimbabweans fled the country twenty years ago when the economy collapsed, most of them in South Africa.
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