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According to a recent survey conducted by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZimStat), agriculture remains the primary source of income for the majority of Zimbabweans, despite challenges such as rising farming input costs and adverse weather conditions. The survey, called the Rapid Poverty Income Consumption and Expenditure Survey (PICES), observed that farming accounted for 29 percent of household incomes, down from 39 percent in the previous period. However, wage employment has emerged as a growing source of income, with 22 percent of households relying on it compared to 15 percent previously.
The shift in income sources suggests a transformation in the economy, potentially influenced by factors such as changing job markets, climate variations, and rural-urban migration. Farming continues to sustain millions of people, but the survey identified the increasing cost of farming inputs as a major challenge, affecting over 11 percent of households. Experts attribute the rising costs to fertilizers, seeds, and equipment, <a href="https://www.sundaymail.co.zw/agriculture-remains-key-income-source-despite-challenges-zimstat-survey">The Sunday Mail</a> reported.
The survey also highlighted the positive impact of government interventions in mitigating the challenges faced by farmers. Mr Tobias Musara, a Development Studies Senior Lecturer with a local university said:
<blockquote>
While challenges remain, Government interventions seem to have softened the blow for many farmers, preventing a mass exodus from the agriculture sector.
</blockquote>
Programs like the Pfumvudza/Intwasa and the Presidential Free Cotton Inputs Scheme have played a significant role in supporting farmers and boosting agricultural production. The Pfumvudza/Intwasa program, focusing on staple crops like maize and traditional grains, witnessed a substantial increase in land preparation.
Apart from farming and wage employment, other income sources showed mixed results. Incomes from non-farm enterprises increased from 10 percent to 13 percent, indicating their growing importance. Intra-family support and retirement savings also saw slight increases. However, formal remittances decreased, potentially reflecting economic challenges in countries sending remittances to Zimbabwe. Informal remittances emerged as a new income source, possibly due to changes in migration patterns or informal transfer methods.
Understanding the various income sources and living conditions in Zimbabwe is crucial for the development of effective policies. The survey, conducted with the support of the World Bank and UNICEF, provides valuable insights into the economic landscape and helps inform decision-making processes.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Pindula News

Zimbabwean Survey Reveals Agriculture Remains Primary Income Source Despite Challenges

Zimbabwe experienced a sharp increase in food inflation in December, with prices of basic commodities soaring before the festive season. The cost of living has become increasingly challenging for Zimbabweans, <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/local-news/article/200021478/food-inflation-hits-consumers">NewsDay</a> reported citing a report by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZimStat).
ZimStat’s latest report reveals that the month-on-month inflation rate for December rose to 4.7%, a 0.2 percentage point increase from November’s rate of 4.5%. The year-on-year inflation rate also climbed to 26.5% in December, up from 21.6% the previous month.
The report states that the minimum needs basket cost ZWL$106,696.52 (about US$18 per official exchange rate) per person in December, a substantial 21.6% increase compared to November’s figure of ZWL$87,756.38. This represents a significant burden for the average Zimbabwean trying to afford basic necessities.
The Total Consumption Poverty Line, which includes essential items beyond food, also witnessed a significant jump, reaching ZWL$140,252.59 (US$23) in December, compared to ZWL$115,090 in November.
ZimStat highlighted that non-alcoholic beverages had the highest contribution to the month-on-month change index, with a 2.7% increase, followed by housing, water, electricity, gas, and other fuels, which contributed 1.6% to the inflation rate.
The volatility of food prices has been a major concern, with staples such as bread, cooking oil, and sugar becoming increasingly expensive. The depreciation of the local currency against foreign currencies has further exacerbated the situation, making it even more difficult for Zimbabweans to afford basic necessities.
As Zimbabwe enters 2024, there are concerns that the economic challenges could intensify, posing a greater burden on the population. The government and relevant authorities need to address the root causes of inflation and take measures to stabilize prices and improve the affordability of essential goods for the people.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

Zimbabwe Experienced A Sharp Increase In Food Inflation In December

The economy of Zimbabwe contracted in the second quarter of the year. Gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices nearly halved to US$3.28 billion from the previous period, mainly due to the depreciation of the local currency. In the first quarter, GDP at market prices was ZWL$6.65 trillion or US$7.15 billion, <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/business/article/200021191/bloodbath-in-q2-as-zimdollar-depreciates">NewsDay</a> reported citing the latest data by ZimStat. However, GDP rebounded in the third quarter to ZWL$41.35 trillion or US$7.56 billion, following measures implemented by fiscal and monetary authorities to halt the currency depreciation.
During the presentation of the third-quarter GDP estimates, Tapiwa Gumbo, the national accounts and analysis manager at ZimStat, mentioned that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) had inspected their methodology and agreed with the findings. Gumbo said:
<blockquote>
People sometimes have what they think is normal and should be done, which probably ideally is not what is provided in the manual. So, we try to follow the manual so that our statistics are accurate, are comparable with other countries. So, this is what we try to do and publish because we were presenting a national GDP.  
So, what we do here is publish the quarterly annual GDP numbers. So, they (IMF) are checking on our methodology, and data, are we following the systems of national accounts? They scrutinised, provided a second eye to the statistics and reviewed the methodology. We showed them the system, the national accounts database system that we normally use and we agreed.
</blockquote>
However, just two days earlier, the IMF had expressed concern over the competencies and methodology used by ZimStat in determining key economic metrics.
Concerns have been raised by the British-based economic researcher, World Economics, and the World Bank regarding the government’s data collection methods to determine key economic metrics.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

ZIMSTAT Says The Economy Of Zimbabwe Contracted In 2nd Quarter

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZimStat) has initiated the country’s first economic census, aimed at gathering information on all business entities to inform economic policies.
Finance, Economic Development, and Investment Promotion Minister Mthuli Ncube emphasised the importance of stakeholder cooperation for the success of the project, the <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/local-news/article/200019849/mthuli-launches-zims-inaugural-economic-census">Independent</a> reported. Ncube said:
<blockquote>
It is of paramount importance that an economic census be conducted for providing baseline statistical information for the successor National Development Strategy (NDS2) running from 2026 to 2030, providing valuable insights into the geographical spread of economic activities and establishments in the country.
Statistics produced from the census will also inform on progress made towards regional, continental and global initiatives including the Africa Agenda 2063 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 The statistics are key for evidence-based policy formulation, decision-making and strategic planning in addition to Gross Domestic Product compilation.
</blockquote>
He said by accurately mapping and understanding the size and structure of Zimbabwe’s economy, the census will support informed economic strategies and development plans.
Ncube added that the inaugural economic census is a significant step towards obtaining comprehensive data on the country’s economic landscape. It will aid in identifying areas of growth, potential challenges, and opportunities for investment. Furthermore, the census will contribute to monitoring and evaluating progress towards national and international development goals.
An Economic Census is a comprehensive survey conducted by the government to collect information about all business entities in a country. It aims to provide detailed data on the size, structure, and geographical distribution of economic activities, which helps in policy-making, decision-making, planning, and monitoring progress towards development goals.
In the past, there have been delays in sharing information from surveys conducted by the government and stakeholders. For example, the reports from population censuses are disseminated years after they have been conducted, by which time the population and demographics have already changed. This causes problems because any intervention based on outdated information would not achieve the intended goals.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

ZimStat Has Initiated Zimbabwe's First Economic Census

According to American economist Professor Steve Hanke, Zimbabwe currently holds the highest inflation rate in the world. Hanke asserts that as of August 10, 2023, Zimbabwe’s inflation stood at 685% per year.
Hanke’s measurements consistently exceed the official rates provided by authorities, which he alleges are manipulated. He said:
<blockquote>
#ZIMWatch: As of August 10th, I accurately measure Zimbabwe’s inflation at 685%/yr. That’s the WORLD’S HIGHEST INFLATION RATE.
<img alt="American Economist Prof Hanke Says Zimbabwe Has Highest Inflation Rate In The World" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-262100" decoding="async" height="1058" loading="lazy" sizes="(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px" src="https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world.jpeg" srcset="https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world.jpeg 1080w, https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world-300x294.jpeg 300w, https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world-1024x1003.jpeg 1024w, https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world-768x752.jpeg 768w, https://news.pindula.co.zw/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Inflation-world-60x60.jpeg 60w" width="1080"/>
</blockquote>
In July, the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) reported an annual inflation rate of 101.3% for July 2023, down from 175.8% in June 2023.
Hanke previously claimed a measurement of 1298% per year for Zimbabwe’s inflation in June, which was over 15 times higher than ZIMSTAT’s official rate of 86.5% per year announced in May. He suggested that Zimbabwe was undergoing its third hyperinflation episode in 15 years.
ZIMSTAT also indicated that the month-on-month inflation for July saw a significant decrease of 89.8 percentage points, reaching negative territory at -15.3% compared to June’s 74.5%. ZIMSTAT calculates inflation using a weighted average of items priced in Zimbabwean dollars and United States dollars.
In May 2023, ZIMSTAT reported an increase in month-on-month inflation to 15.7%, surging by 13.3 percentage points from April’s 2.4%. Year-on-year inflation rose to 86.5% in May, up from 75.6% in April, according to ZIMSTAT’s data.
The disparity between Steve Hanke’s inflation figures and those released by the Zimbabwean government may arise from their differing measurement methodologies. Hanke focuses on measuring inflation separately for the Zimbabwean dollar and the US dollar, while the government employs a method called <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G" href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/2023/03/03/govt-adopts-blended-inflation-rate-based-on-usd-zim-dollar/">Blended inflation</a>. Blended inflation takes into account both foreign and domestic currencies in circulation.
Hanke’s approach of separately measuring the inflation rates for each currency may capture fluctuations and distortions more accurately, especially considering Zimbabwe’s complex monetary landscape. On the other hand, the government’s use of Blended inflation provides a comprehensive view by considering the combined impact of both currencies on the overall inflation rate. However, this method can mask the impact of inflation on specific sectors of the economy, leading to controversy.
Former <a class="MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Finance Minister</a> Tendai Biti early this year challenged the current Minister Professor Mthuli Ncube to explain the use of blended inflation, calling it <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/2023/03/08/blended-inflation-rate-is-pure-undiluted-heresy-biti/">“pure, undiluted heresy.</a>” He argued: 
<blockquote>
In economics, inflation is a measurement of the rise in prices and only one currency is used, whether USD or RTGS or local currency, and you cannot mix currencies.
</blockquote>
Biti said Ncube should appear before the esteemed House to provide a detailed explanation of the origin of the currency mixing that comprises RTGS and US dollars.
<h3><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h3>

American Economist Prof Hanke Says Zimbabwe Has Highest Inflation Rate In The World

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has announced that it will be conducting the Second Quarter Labour-Force Survey (QLFS) from the 8th to the 19th of May 2023.
In a statement seen by Pindula News, ZIMSTAT said the survey is essential for providing labour markets such as employment, unemployment and income levels. Reads the statement:
<blockquote>
The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) will be conducting the Second Quarter Labour-Force Survey (QLFS) from the 8th to 19th May 2023. The Quarterly Labour-Force Survey, conducted under the Census and Statistics Act [Chapter 10:291 of 2007, provides high-frequency labour market statistics to inform policy formulation, decision-making, human capital development strategies and compilation of Quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP), among other key uses.
The survey also provides key labour market indicators which include but are not limited to:
 i. employment levels, both formal and informal: 
ii. unemployment; 
iii. labour underutilization; 
iv. income levels; 
v. labour migration and; 
vi. job losses.
The exercise will be conducted in all provinces and information collected is strictly confidential and will be used for statistical purposes only. For ease of identification, our field personnel will have official letters and personal identity cards in their possession. 
ZIMSTAT is seeking for cooperation from all households with respect to this exercise.
</blockquote>
<h2><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT To Conduct The 2nd Quarter Labour-Force Survey Between 8 &19 May

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has reported that more males (54.6%) are either employed or actively seeking employment compared to females (34.7%). The labour force participation rate measures the percentage of people in the working-age population who are employed or seeking employment. In a statement released to commemorate International Workers’ Day, ZIMSTAT reported that Bulawayo had the highest <a class="Markdown_link__9ACHA MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">labour force participation rate</a> among Zimbabwe’s provinces at 65.1%. Reads the statement:
<blockquote>
<h2>INTERNATIONAL WORKERS’ DAY STATEMENT</h2>
The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) joins the nation in celebrating International Workers’ Day. ZIMSTAT produces quarterly labour statistics focusing on employment status, income levels and labour underutilization. These indicators are valuable in the compilation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and enable Government and other stakeholders to formulate economic policies.
The 2023 First Quarter Quarterly Labour Force Survey results revealed the following:
a) Labour force participation rate is higher for males (54.6%) compared to females (34.7%). Labour force participation rate measures the proportion of persons in working age population who are in labour force.
b) At provincial level, Bulawayo had the highest labour force participation rate of 65.1 percent.
c) Employment absorption rate is higher for working age population in urban areas (48.8%) than in rural areas (27.5%). Therefore, chances of getting employment for persons in urban areas is higher than in rural areas.
d) Employment to population ratio, which is the proportion of working age population in employment, was 39.3% for females in urban areas and 19.7% for females in rural areas.
e) The agriculture, forestry and fishing industry had the highest proportion of employed persons (24.9%) percent followed by wholesale and retail trade, sale and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles industry (23.9%). Other sectors accounted for 48.8% of total employment.
</blockquote>
The detailed report for the first quarter of the 2023 <a class="Markdown_link__9ACHA MarkdownLink_linkifiedLink__KxC9G">Quarterly Labour Force Survey</a> is accessible at <a class="Markdown_link__9ACHA" href="http://www.zimstat.co.zw/" rel="noopener" target="_blank">www.zimstat.co.zw</a>.
<h2><a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

Workers' Day: More Males Are Employed Than Females - ZIMSTAT

The insurance sector in Zimbabwe is moving towards complete dollarisation, as per data from the Insurance and Pension Commission (Ipec). Industry participants wrote businesses worth approximately US$300 million in the previous year.
For short-term insurers in foreign currency, Gross premium written (GPW) increased by 42% to US$143.85 million. The main sources of foreign currency business were motor and fire insurance, which together made up 51% of the total business written during the period. Gross premium written (GPW) refers to the total amount an insurer writes during a specific period, before any deductions for expenses such as ceding and commissions. 
Zimnat Lion, Old Mutual, Cell Insurance, Alliance and Nicoz Diamond Insurance dominated the market with a combined market share of 83% in terms of foreign currency-denominated GPW, <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/business/article/200010589/insurance-sector-moves-towards-dollarisation">NewsDay</a> reported citing a report by Ipec. The Ipec report read in part:
<blockquote>
Only motor insurance line of business had negative growth of 15%. Consistent with the 2021 trend in foreign currency-denominated business, the major classes of business written by short-term reinsurers were fire and motor insurance business contributing a combined 62% of the gross premium written for the year ended December 31, 2021.
</blockquote>
<h2>The trend isn’t peculiar to the Insurance sector</h2>
The latest statistics availed by the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency show that the whole economy is fast dollarising with 78% of transactions for food purchases now being done in foreign currency.
According to central bank governor John Mangudya, the financial industry in Zimbabwe has more US dollars than local currency. About 70% of the total deposits in the banks are in foreign currency, with the remainder being in Zimbabwe dollars.
This is mainly because the Zimbabwe dollar has been losing value against the USD since its reintroduction in 2019.
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Zimbabwe's Insurance Sector Moving Towards Complete Dollarisation

According to the most recent data from the <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a>, monthly inflation decreased to 0.7% in January 2023, losing 0.6 percentage points.
In a report seen by Pindula News, ZIMSTAT stated that inflation reduced significantly in the just-ended month. Said ZIMSTAT:
<blockquote>
The month-on-month inflation rate in January 2023 was 0,7% shedding 0,6% on the December 2022 rate of 1,3% meaning that prices as measured by the all items blended CPI increased by an average of 0,7% from December 2022 to January 2023.
</blockquote>
The month-on-month Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages inflation rate stood at 0,4% in January 2023, shedding 1,7% on the December 2022 rate of 2.1%.
The non-food inflation rate stood at 1%, increasing by 0.4% on the December 2022 rate of 06%.
The blended CPI for the month ending January 2023 stood at 278.12 compared to 276.10 in December 2022 and 138.02 in January 2022.
ZIMSTAT added that the year-on-year inflation rate for the month of January 2023 as measured by the all-items blended Consumer Price Index (CPI) stood at 101.5%. Added ZIMSTAT:
<blockquote>
This means that prices as measured by the all items blended CPI increased by an average of 101.5 percent between January 2022 and January 2023.
</blockquote>
The food poverty line (FPL) as of January 2023 stood at $22 384.78 implying that the minimum needs basket cost that much per person in January 2023 which represents an increase of 0.9% over the December 2022 figure of $22 192.87
The Total Consumption Poverty Line (TCPL) for Zimbabwe stood at $29 499.89 per person in January 2023. This means that an individual required that much to purchase both non-food and food items as of January 2023 in order not to be deemed poor.
This represents an increase of 1.0 per cent when compared to the December 2022 figure of $29,219.01.
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

Zimbabwe's Monthly Inflation Declines, Food Poverty Line Rises - ZIMSTAT

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/National_Social_Security_Authority">National Social Security Authority (NSSA)</a> has said nearly 600 000 new formal jobs were created in various sectors between 2018 and December 2022.
NSSA said at least 591 000 “decent jobs” were created between January 2018 and December 2022.
<h2>Jobs created per year:</h2>
<blockquote>
i). 2018 – 20 640.
ii). 2019 – 242 998.
iii). 2020 – 78 409.
iv). 2021 – 121 145.
v). 2022 – 129 051.
</blockquote>
NSSA’s general manager Dr Charles Shava told The Sunday Mail that the agriculture sector was the biggest employer during the period under review.
This was followed by the retail and general business sectors.
Also, there was a considerable decline in the number of people leaving their jobs, as most departures from work were caused by retirement, old age, invalidity or death. Shava noted:
<blockquote>
Exits from employment are on a declining trend as shown . . . with a 21 percent decline from 2018 to 2022, thus indicating an improvement in employee retention in the market.
The exits data provided in this report tries to mimic retrenchment information.
However, some exits from the NSSA main scheme are due to old age, invalidity and death.
</blockquote>
The data from NSSA is in sync with a recent report from the <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Confederation_of_Zimbabwe_Industries">Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries (CZI)</a>, a business lobby group which noted that capacity utilisation was 58 per cent by the end of the first quarter of 2022.
CZI president Mr Kurai Matsheza said increased capacity utilisation by industries is good for the economy as it means increased output, more fiscal revenue from the increased output, increased employment numbers and increased economic activity. 
Economic analyst Mr Trust Chikohora lauded the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe’s auction market which he said had provided the much-needed foreign currency for companies to re-tool.
The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> describes an employee as anyone who works for a public or private employer for more than 30 hours per week, while an employer is any individual or entity that employs a worker for more than 30 hours per week.
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

NSSA Says Nearly 600 000 New Formal Jobs Were Created Between 2018 And 2022

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has said it is conducting a Quarterly Labour-Force Survey (QLFS) Household Listing exercise from 11th to 17th January 2023. In a statement seen by Pindula News, the agency said the listing exercise will be conducted in all provinces. Reads the statement:
<blockquote>
<h2>PRESS STATEMENT ON QUARTERLY LABOUR FORCE SURVEY-HOUSEHOLD LISTING </h2>
The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) will be conducting the Quarterly Labour-Force Survey (QLFS) Household Listing exercise from 11th to 17th January 2023. The main objective of the listing exercise is to facilitate selection of households that will be covered in the Quarterly Labour-Force Survey.
The Quarterly Labour-Force Survey which is conducted under the Census and Statistics Act [Chapter 10:29] of 2007 provides high-frequency labour market statistics to inform planning, human capital development strategies, compilation of Quarterly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and decision-making among other key uses.
The survey also provides key labour market indicators which include but are not limited to:
i. employment levels, both formal and informal,
 ii. unemployment 
iii. labour underutilization, income levels, labour migration and job losses.
The listing exercise will be conducted in all provinces and information collected is strictly confidential and will be used for statistical purposes only.
For ease of identification, our field personnel will be carrying official letters and personal Identity Cards. 
ZIMSTAT seeks for cooperation from all households and more information about the listing exercise can be obtained from ZIMSTAT provincial statisticians, whose contact details are as listed below: 
Mr R. Ncube Bulawayo 0774 089 008 
Mr F. T. Kupara Manicaland 0772 407 800 
Mr D. Manjengwa Mashonaland Central 0774 417 873 
Mr N. Soda Mashonaland East 0773 700 338 
Mr T. Chapesa Mashonaland West 0774 884 905 
Mr M. Chikanya Matabeleland North 0778 304 779 
Mr P. Magigwana Matabeleland South 0772 115 137 
Mr T. Chitsamba Midlands 0773 243 701 
Mr T. Muneri Masvingo 0712 718 355 
Ms J. Chidhakwa Harare 0783 016 477 
R. Chiringa PUBLIC RELATIONS &amp; COMMUNICATION OFFICER 
</blockquote>
<h2>More Pindula News</h2>

ZIMSTAT Conducting A Quarterly Labour-Force Survey (QLFS) Household Listing Exercise

The Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Authority (ZERA) has announced a drop in fuel prices for petrol and diesel effective 15 December 2022.
In its latest update seen by Pindula News, the regulator said blended petrol is now pegged at US$1.50 or $1 007.45 per litre from US$1.55 or $1 023.77 while diesel is now pegged at US$1.62 or $1 090.38 per litre down from $1.66 or ZWL 1 095.55 per litre.
ZERA last <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/zera-reduces-price-of-diesel-petrol-price-goes-up-marginally/">reviewed fuel prices on 8 December 2022.</a>
The regulatory body also advised the public and operators that the blending ratio for unleaded petrol has been reduced from 15 per cent to five per cent. Reads the statement:
<blockquote>
The public and operators are advised that the blending ratio for unleaded petrol has been reduced from 15% to 5%. Operators may sell the petroleum products below the prescribed prices depending on their trading advantages and should display prices in a prominent place as provided for by the fuel pricing regulations. Stakeholders are advised that the petroleum price releases by ZERA can be verified on the official ZERA website, Facebook or Twitter handle.
Fuel Saving Tip: Plan your trips to avoid using congested routes. Driving in heavy stop-start traffic negatively affects fuel economy. If you can, avoid rush hours. 
</blockquote>
The drop in fuel costs comes as consumers prepare for the festive holidays and also comes after the <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> reported a drop <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/zimbabwe-inflation-slows-in-november-2022-zmstat/">in the month-on-month inflation rate to 1.8 per cent</a> in November.
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

ZERA Announces Drop In Fuel Prices Effective 15 December 2022

Figures from the <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> suggest that November month-on-month inflation slowed to 1.8% while year-on-year slowed to 255 per cent.
In October, Zimbabwe’s annual inflation was <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/zimbabwes-annual-inflation-slows-down/">268.79% in October</a> while month-on-month inflation was <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/zimbabwes-annual-inflation-slows-down/">3.2% in October</a>. Pindula News presents an update issued by ZIMSTAT this Monday:
<blockquote>
<h2>CONSUMER PRICE INDEX NOVEMBER 2022</h2>
The month-on-month inflation rate in November 2022 was 1.8 percent shedding 1.4 percentage points on the October 2022 rate of 3.2 percent.
The year-on-year inflation rate (annual percentage change) for the month of November 2022 as measured by the all items Consumer Price Index (CPI) stood at 255.0 percent.
The CPI for the month ending November 2022 stood at 13,349.42 compared to 13,113.95 in October 2022 and 3,760.86 in November 2021. 
</blockquote>
Analysts attribute the drop to tight fiscal and monetary policy measures.
Meanwhile, Finance and Economic Development Minister, Professor Mthuli Ncube is targeting to keep monthly inflation at between 1 – 3% in 2023 while annual inflation is expected to drop to two digits.
<a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/FBC_Holdings">FBC Holdings Limited (FBC)</a> has, however, warned that the <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/2023-budget-allocations-to-government-departments/">anticipated increased government expenditure for 2023</a> may <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/anticipated-increased-govt-expenditure-may-threaten-inflation-outlook-fbc/">threaten Ncube’s inflation outlook.</a>
FBC which is one of Zimbabwe’s top financial institutions said unless carefully managed, there is likely to be pressure on money supply growth in the coming months owing to the government’s increased expenditure ahead of the 2023 harmonised elections and higher spending to fund the 2022/23 farming season.
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

Zimbabwe Inflation Slows In November 2022 - ZMSTAT

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has released the monthly summary of the External Trade Statistics report for the month of August.
ZIMSTAT got the data from merchandise statistics from the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) and secondary statistics from companies and trade organizations.
 The report seen by Pindula News shows monthly exports and imports by broad economic categories such as food and beverages, industrial supplies, fuels and lubricants, capital goods, transport equipment, consumer goods and goods not elsewhere classified. 
It further shows the main exports and imports by Harmonized System codes of trade products, the destination of exports and the source country of imports.
<h2>Trends in External Trade August 2022 (main exports):</h2>
<blockquote>
i). semi-manufactured gold (30.2%), 
ii). nickel mattes including platinum group of minerals (PGMs), (19.7%), 
iii). nickel ores and concentrates (14.3%), 
iv). tobacco (9.0%), 
v). ferrochromium (7.3%), 
vi). platinum unwrought or in powder form (3.0%), coke and semi-coke of coal (2.6%).
</blockquote>
<h2>The report further states that during the month of August 2022, Zimbabwe exported:</h2>
<blockquote>
1). semi-manufactured gold valued at US$149.1 million, signifying a decline from US$195.7 million in July 2022. 
2). 16 072 tonnes of nickel ores and concentrates valued at US$70.5 million, compared to 26,035 tonnes valued at US$169.6 million in July 2022. 
3). 7 kilogrammes of industrial diamonds valued at US$7.0 million in August 2022, while in July 2022, a total of 7 kilogrammes valued at US$ 6.1 million were exported.
</blockquote>
<h2>Major Imports:</h2>
<blockquote>
a). Mineral fuels and mineral oil products accounted for 22.2% of the total value of imports in August 2022, compared to 19.4% in July 2022. 
b). Followed by machinery and mechanical appliances at 12.7% in August 2022. 
c). Other imports in August 2022 included animal/vegetable fats and oils (3.5%), and 
d). Vehicles (8.0%).
</blockquote>
Major imports constitute 92.6% of the total value of imports in August 2022. 
The value of imported cereals rose from 3.1% of the total value of imports in July 2022 to 5.0% in August 2022. 
Rice, which makes up the bulk of cereal imports constituted 2.3% of the total value of imports in August 2022, compared to 1.4% in July 2022. 
The value of maize (excluding seed) imported remained low at 0.5% of the total value of imports in July 2022 compared to 0.7% in August 2022.
<blockquote>
<h2>Download: <a href="https://t792ae.c2.acecdn.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Trade_Report_for_Aug2022_10_2022.pdf">Trade_Report_for_Aug2022_10_2022</a></h2>
</blockquote>
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">More Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Report On Exports And Imports For August 2022

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has said about 2.3 million youths are unemployed and are also not in school. 
In its second quarter Labour Force Survey, ZIMSTAT said a total of 2 342 630 people between the ages 15 and 34 are Not in Employment Education and Training (NEET) and, therefore, just lying idle with nothing to do, according to <a href="https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-has-23m-youths-loafing-on-the-streets-says-govt-statistical-agency/">NewZimbabwe.</a>
The number of youth in expanded/relaxed unemployment stands at 1.86 million. The category falling under the unemployment bracket stands at 546 682. Said the report:
<blockquote>
The national unemployment rate for youth (15-34) years was 29 percent. Unemployment rate was highest among those who had completed lower secondary at 23 percent followed by those with primary level education at 22%.
</blockquote>
Institutions like the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) have since raised the red flag on Zimbabwe warning that the country is missing the opportunity to reap the benefits of the Demographic Dividend (DD).
In population studies, (DD) refers to the temporary economic benefits that can arise from a significant increase in the ratio of working-age adults as a result of rapid fertility decline.
Statistics by UNFPA say that the country’s population has almost doubled over the span of three decades, rising from 7.5 million in 1982 to an estimated 16.5 million which, if properly tapped into, can boost the country’s economy.
Meanwhile, economic experts and Civil Society Organisations in Zimbabwe have since called on the government to escalate the implementation of policies which target the youth.
<h2><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Says About 2.3 million Youths Not Employed, Not In School

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has announced intentions to conduct the Agriculture and Livestock Survey around the country between 10 and 24 October. In a notice seen by Pindula News, ZIMSTAT’s Public Relations and Communication Officer Roland Chiringa said ZIMSTAT enumerators and other team members will be carrying identification cards. Reads the statement:
<blockquote>
<h2>AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCK SURVEY</h2>
The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) will be conducting the Agriculture and Livestock (ALS) in all the 10 provinces for the 2021/2022 agriculture season from 10-24 October 2022.
The main objective of the Survey is to collect data on: 
• Crop output 
• Quantity and value of crop inputs used 
• Access to agriculture loans and
• Employment &amp; earnings
<h2>Data collection is being conducted in the following areas: </h2>
• Large Scale Commercial Farms (LSCF), 
• Small Scale Commercial Farms (SSCF), 
• Communal Lands, 
• Old Resettlement Schemes (Models A, B1, B2 and E), 
• Al Farms
• A2 Farms and 
• Urban (Harare and Bulawayo only)
The Agriculture and Livestock Survey is conducted under the provisions of the Census and Statistics Act [Chapter 10:29] and information collected from respondents is strictly confidential to the Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency and used for statistical purposes only. Trained ZIMSTAT staff comprising Supervisors, Team Leaders and Enumerators will be in the field to conduct the survey and will be carrying official identification letters.
For more information on the exercise, kindly contact the following Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency staff: 
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.41">PROVINCE</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.94">NAME</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.83">CELL NUMBER</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.78">Bulawayo</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.57">Mr R. Ncube</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.23">0774089008</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.61">Manicaland</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.6">Mr F. Kupara</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.18">0772407800</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.65">Mashonaland Central</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.65">Mr D. Manjengwa</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.99">0774417873</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.78">Mashonaland East</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.69">Mr N. Soda</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.03">0773476987</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.75">Mashonaland West</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.32">Mr T. Chapesa</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=96.91">0774 884905</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.44">Matabeleland North</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.68">Mr. N. Chikanya</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.35">0778 304779</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.48">Matabeleland South</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.49">Mr P. Magigwana</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.07">0775913122</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.85">Midlands</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.93">Mr T. Chitsamba</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.4">0712873697</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.07">Masvingo</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.76">Mr T. Muneri</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.13">0712 718355</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.81">Harare</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=99.01">Ms J. Chidhakwa</td>
<td title="Character Accurarcy=98.94">0778229120</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
R. Chiringa 
Public Relations and Communication Officer 
</blockquote>
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Conducts Agriculture And Livestock Survey

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has released September 2022 Civil Engineering Statistics.
The month-on-month Civil Engineering Plant Price Index (CEPPI) rate of change stood at -2.6 percent in September 2022 shedding 4.3 percentage points on the August 2022 rate of 1.7 percent.
<blockquote>
This means that prices as measured by all items Civil Engineering Plant Price Index (CEPPI) decreased at an average rate of -2.6 percent from August 2022 to September 2022.
</blockquote>
The monthly rate of change is given by the percentage change in the index of the relevant month of the current year compared with the index of the previous month. 
The group of products that contributed to the decrease in the index in September 2022 were:
<blockquote>
 Graders, 
Undercarriage, 
Rollers, 
Excavators, 
Drive Train and 
Ground Engaging Tools. 
This means a decrease in prices was observed in September 2022 on the above group of items.
</blockquote>
The group of products that contributed to the increase in the index in September 2022 were Other products. 
<blockquote>
This means increases in prices were observed in September 2022 on the above group of items.
</blockquote>
The year-on-year Civil Engineering Plant Price Index (CEPPI) rate of change stood at 276.8 percent in September 2022. This means that prices as measured by all items Civil Engineering Plant Price Index (CEPPI) increased at an average rate of 276.8 percent from September 2021 to September 2022.
The year-on-year inflation rate is given by the percentage change in the index of the relevant month of the current year compared with the index of the same month in the previous year.
The CEPPI for the month ending September 2022 stood at 10,108.94 compared to 10,377.29 in August 2022 and 2,682.53 in September 2021.
<h2>Civil Engineering Materials Price Index August 2022.</h2>
The month-on-month Civil Engineering Material Price Index (CEMPI) rate of change stood at 5.1 percent in August 2022 shedding 10.7 percentage points on the July 2022 rate of 15.8 percent.
The year-on-year Civil Engineering Material Price Index (CEMPI) rate of change stood at 306.6 percent in August 2022. 
The CEMPI for the month ending July 2022 stood at 8,398.29 compared to 7,991.11 in July 2022 and 2,065.27 in August 2021. 
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Releases Civil Engineering Materials, Plant Prices Stats For September 2022

The latest figures released on Monday by <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">ZIMSTAT</a> show that sixty-two per cent of employed people in Zimbabwe were earning approximately ZW$20 000 (R793) in April 2022.
According to Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency’s second quarter labour force survey, 62% of employed people in the southern African country earned Z$20 000, which equates to US$51 using the parallel market exchange rate of $390 per greenback.
Using the end of April 2022 <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/rbz-forex-auction-zimbabwe-dollar-official-rate-as-of-04-october-2022/">official exchange rate</a> of ZW$259.34 per dollar, the workers were earning US$125.51.
ZIMSTAT’s definition of employed people, which is in sync with that of the ILO, includes subsistence farmers and those in the informal sector, such as vendors. <a href="https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/more-than-half-of-zim-workers-earn-r793-per-month-20221004">News24</a> cites ZIMSTAT as saying:
<blockquote>
Among the paid employees, 27% earned income of less than Z$20 000 again during the month of April 2022.
Among those employed in the non-agriculture sectors, 85 percent were informally employed.
</blockquote>
This was happening as <a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/biti-asks-for-finance-ministers-statement-on-inflation-now-at-430/">inflation was rising in Zimbabwe</a> with the effect of eroding the salaries that were in the local currency. 
The Zimbabwe dollar was losing value against the United States dollar at a very fast rate. 
ZIMSTAT also stated that 48.8% or 1 367 291 of youth between 15-24 were unemployed and not receiving an education or vocational training.
<h2><a href="https://zero.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT: 27% Earned Less Than ZW$20 000 (US$51) As Of April 2022

The <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has issued statistics on emigration and immigration noting that South Africa, Botswana and the United Kingdom are the major destinations for Zimbabweans.
ZIMSTAT estimates that 908 913 Zimbabweans are scattered across the world. There is, however, a huge variance between the figure and the estimates made before. 
During <a href="https://kubatana.net/2020/07/07/harnessing-zimbabwes-diaspora-towards-the-national-settlement/">the 2nd in the SAPES Trust Policy Dialogue series</a> held on the 25th of June 2020, Dr <a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Ibbo_Mandaza">Ibbo Mandaza</a> estimated the population of Zimbabweans living in the Diaspora between 4 and 5 Million, if not more. He added, “In other words, at least 25% of the Zimbabwean population is in the Diaspora.” That’s the publicly held view.
According to the ZIMSTAT report, South Africa is the major country of residence for Zimbabwean nationals with 85 per cent of the total population in the diaspora.
Botswana comes at a distant second with 5 per cent while the UK is in the 3rd position with 3 per cent. 
The majority of people who left the country had completed lower secondary education (Ordinary Level), according to the ZIMSTAT report.
<img class="aligncenter" decoding="async" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fb9XiuJXwAI_3ms?format=png&amp;name=large"/><img class="aligncenter" decoding="async" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fb9YEwEWQAE9paK?format=png&amp;name=large"/><img class="aligncenter" decoding="async" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Fb9YfBYWYAAV133?format=png&amp;name=large"/>
Most of the Zimbabweans in the diaspora left the country at the turn of the millennium when the economy nosedived. Some also fled political violence which was committed mainly by members of the ruling ZANU PF and war veterans on members of the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) which was founded in 1999.
<h2><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Says South Africa, Botswana And UK Are The Major Destinations For Zimbabweans

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has reported that the unemployment rate of females in Zimbabwe was higher than that of their male counterparts in the first three months of 2022.
ZIMSTAT defined people in the unemployment category as “persons who during the reference period; were without paid work, were seeking for work and were available to start working.”
ZIMSTAT’s definition of employed people includes subsistence farmers and those in the informal sector, such as vendors. 
The details, contained in the agency’s Quarterly Labour Force Survey for the first three months, seen by Pindula News, said:
<blockquote>
Total number of employed persons was estimated at 3,3 million. Unemployment rate using the strict definition was estimated at 19%.
</blockquote>
<img class="aligncenter" decoding="async" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FX9BDmrWYAAzwsa?format=png&amp;name=large"/>
<blockquote>
Seventy-seven percent of the employed persons earned income of RTGS$20,000 and below during the month of January 2022.
Nineteen percent of persons 15 years and above were unemployed. Among males the rate was 18 percent while for females it was 21 percent. Matabeleland North province had the highest unemployment rate of 37 percent. 
The age groups (15-19) years had the highest unemployment rate of 39 percent followed by those aged (20-24) years at 34 percent.
Youth (15-24) years had a national unemployment rate of 35 percent. The national unemployment rate for youth (15-34) years was 27 percent. Unemployment rate was highest among those who had completed upper secondary at 28 percent followed by those with lower secondary at 22 percent.
The expanded national unemployment rate for persons 15 years and above was 47 percent. It was higher for females at 52 percent than males with 43 percent. Matabeleland North had the highest expanded unemployment rate of 65 percent. 
The age group (15-19) years had the highest expanded unemployment rate of 72 percent. Youths (15-24) years had a national expanded unemployment rate of 66 percent while the national expanded unemployment rate for youths (15-34) years was 57 percent.
</blockquote>
The working-age population was estimated at 9 million, constituting 59 per cent of the total population. 
Harare had the highest proportion of the employed population at around 25% followed by Mashonaland West at 14%, Matabeleland North with 3% had the least proportion.
<h2><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

Women's Unemployment Rate Higher Than That Of Males - ZIMSTAT

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has commenced its 2022 Population and Housing Census post-Enumeration Survey (PES) training of enumerators despite not having paid enumerators who participated in the main 2022 census.
Officially launching the PES training of enumerators exercise last weekend, ZIMSTAT director general, Taguma Mahonde said: 
<blockquote>
Remember that the government has entrusted us with the mandate to collect and supply high quality and usable data. Therefore, for the next four days we are expected to focus on the training exercise in preparation for PES data collection.
Finally, distinguished participants, allow me to express my sincere gratitude to the Government of Zimbabwe and development partners for the financial and technical support rendered to ZIMSTAT to undertake this survey.
</blockquote>
A PES is carried out immediately after a population census in order to establish the magnitude of census coverage and content errors.
The 2022 PES will collect information on persons who were enumerated and those not enumerated during the 2022 Population and Housing Census (PHC) and if executed diligently and efficiently.
<a href="https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimstat-hires-post-census-enumerators-before-paying-for-first-exercise/">NewZimbabwe.com</a> reports that the exercise comes when thousands of enumerators who participated in the first exercise, which ended three months ago, are yet to be paid. 
Some <a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/2022/05/14/we-havent-been-paid-anything-only-caps-and-t-shirts-census-enumerators/">enumerators told Pindula News in May</a> that they had only been given caps and t-shirts.
<h2><a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Recruits Enumerators Before Paying Participants In First Phase

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has released building materials price indexes, producer price index for Agriculture for the third quarter of 2021. Pindula News presents the ZIMSTAT report.
<blockquote>
<h2>Building Materials Price Index— Third Quarter 2021 </h2>
The Building Materials Price Index #BMPI quarterly rate of change in September 2021 was 13.80 per cent gaining 5.12 percentage points on the June 2021 rate of 8.68 per cent.
The year-on-year Building Materials Price Index #BMPI rate of change stood at 42.11 per cent in September 2021.
The #BMPI for the month ending September 2021 stood at 2 036.48 compared to 1,789.60 in June 2021 and 1 432.99 in September 2020.
<h2>Producer Price Index for Agriculture -Third Quarter 2021 </h2>
The month on month rate of change in September 2021 was 9.56 per cent gaining 1.77 percentage points on the August 2021 rate of 7.79 per cent. 
The year-on-year Producer Price Index for Agriculture #PPIA rate of change stood at 66.94 per cent in September 2021. The #PPIA for the month ending September 2021 stood at 177.94 compared to 162.42 in August 2021 and 106.59 in September 2020.
<h2>Producer Price Index-Third Quarter 2021</h2>
The month-on-month rate of change in September 2021 was 0.07 per cent shedding 0.31 percentage points on the August 2021 rate of 0.38 per cent. The year-on-year Producer Price Index #PPI rate of change stood at 39.20 per cent in September 2021.
The #PPI for the month ending September 2021 stood at 4 934.66 compared to 4 931.12 in August 2021 and 3 545.14 in September 2020. 
</blockquote>
<h2>More: <a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw/">Pindula News</a></h2>

ZIMSTAT Q3 2021: Building Materials, Agricultural Producer Prices Increase

<a href="https://www.pindula.co.zw/Zimbabwe_National_Statistics_Agency_(ZIMSTAT)">The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT)</a> has announced the September datum lines indicating an increase in inflation. Pindula News presents 
<blockquote>
<h2>Main Findings </h2>
• The Food Poverty Line (FPL) for one person in September 2021 was $4,734.00. 
• The Total Consumption Poverty Line (TCPL) for one person stood at $6,654.00 in September 2021. 
<h2>Concepts and Definitions of the Lower Bound Poverty Line </h2>
With effect from November 2020, ZIMSTAT is now producing the Poverty Datum Lines (PDL) using the lower bound poverty line. The method refers to the sum of food poverty line and the average amount derived from non-food items of households whose total expenditure is equal to the food poverty line. 
The food poverty line (FPL) represents the amount of money that an individual will require to afford the minimum required daily energy intake of 2 100 calories. 
The total consumption poverty line (TCPL) which is naturally higher than the FPL was derived using 2017 PICES data and using the lower bound poverty line method. It was derived by computing the non-food consumption expenditures of poor households whose consumption expenditures were just equal to the FPL. The amount was added to the FPL, if an individual does not consume more than the TCPL, he or she is deemed poor. For more details, the user is referred to a more recent publication by ZIMSTAT, Zimbabwe Poverty Update 2017-19. 
<h2>Detailed Results </h2>
The food poverty line (FPL) as at September 2021 stood at $4,734.33. This means that the minimum needs basket cost that much per person in September 2021. This represents an increase of 4.8 percent over the August 2021 figure of $4,516.52. 
The Total Consumption Poverty Line (TCPL) for Zimbabwe stood at $6,653.65 per person in September 2021. This means that an individual required that much to purchase both non-food and food items as at September 2021 in order not to be deemed poor. This represents an increase of 4.8 percent when compared to the August 2021 figure of $6,350.29. 
The poverty datum lines vary by province as prices vary from place to place. The differences are explained by differences in average prices in the provinces. 
The quantities of commodities consumed at base year in the minimum needs basket which is consistent with the preferences of the poor individuals and households in Zimbabwe are fixed. The variations in the value of the basket are explained by changes in average prices. 
NOTE: • The TCPL of $6,654.00 represents the total income needed for an individual (with all their income added together) as a minimum for them not to be deemed poor. 
• ZIMSTAT produces the official Poverty Datum Lines which are not comparable to cost of living indicators produced by other players in the market. 
<h2>Consumer Price Index— September 2021 </h2>
The month on month inflation rate in September 2021 was 4.73 percent gaining 0.55 percentage points on the August 2021 rate of 4.18 percent. 
The year on year inflation rate (annual percentage change) for the month of September 2021 as measured by the all items Consumer Price Index #CPI stood at 51.55 percent. 
The 41CP1 for the month ending September 2021 stood at 3,342.02 compared to 3. 191.05 in August 2021 and 2,205.24 in September 2020. 
Blended Consumer Price Index— September 2021 
The month on month inflation rate in Sept 2021 was 1.94 percent gaining 0.62 percentage points on the Aug 2021 rate of 1.32 percent. 
The year on year inflation rate (annual percentage change) for the month of September 2021 as measured by the all items blended Consumer Price Index #13CP1 stood at 24.44 percent. 
The blended CPI for the month ending September 2021 stood at 125.60 compared to 123.21 in August 2021 and 100.93 in September 2020.
</blockquote>
More: <a href="https://news.pindula.co.zw">Pindula News</a>

Inflation, Poverty Datum Lines Rise In September 2021 - ZIMSTAT

<div class="css-1dbjc4n r-156q2ks">
<div class="css-901oao r-hkyrab r-1qd0xha r-1blvdjr r-16dba41 r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" dir="auto" lang="en">The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has reported that the total consumption poverty line (TCPL) for an average of five persons shot to $7,425.81 in April from $6 420,87 in March 2020. 
</div>
</div>
<div dir="auto" lang="en"></div>
<div dir="auto" lang="en">The report comes when the inflation in the country is continuously rising thereby eroding workers’ salaries. Posting on Twitter on Monday, the agency said:</div>
<div class="css-1dbjc4n r-156q2ks">
<div dir="auto" lang="en"></div>
<blockquote>
<div class="css-901oao r-hkyrab r-1qd0xha r-1blvdjr r-16dba41 r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" dir="auto" lang="en">The Food Poverty Line <a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" data-focusable="true" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/FPL?src=hashtag_click" role="link">#FPL</a> for one person in April 2020 was $596.96 while that for an average household of five persons was $2,984.7. </div>
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<img alt="Image" class="css-9pa8cd" decoding="async" draggable="true" src="https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EZ_jsD0XkAE-L2w?format=jpg&amp;name=360x360"/>
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<div class="css-901oao r-hkyrab r-1qd0xha r-a023e6 r-16dba41 r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-bnwqim r-qvutc0" dir="auto" lang="en">The Total Consumption Poverty Line <a class="css-4rbku5 css-18t94o4 css-901oao css-16my406 r-1n1174f r-1loqt21 r-1qd0xha r-ad9z0x r-bcqeeo r-qvutc0" data-focusable="true" dir="ltr" href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/TCPL?src=hashtag_click" role="link">#TCPL</a> for one person during the same period (April 2020) was $1,485.16 while that for an average of five persons per household stood at $7,425.81.</div>
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<div dir="auto" lang="en">The report confirms that the estimates by the World Food Programme that more than 7.7 million people, half of the total population, are living in abject poverty. </div>
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<div dir="auto" lang="en">Commenting on ZIMSTAT report, Happi Zengeni, a Zimbabwean journalist, economic analyst, and the editor of Business Times said it means that an average Zimbabweans needed ZW$49 per day in order not to be deemed poor or US$0.99 per day (using the April parallel rate).</div>
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<div dir="auto" lang="en">“This is below the required World Bank standard of US$1.90 per day,” she noted.</div>
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<div dir="auto" lang="en">Meanwhile, and authorities are doing less than expected to bail out the vulnerable people who have since made distress calls.</div>
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<div dir="auto" lang="en">More: <a href="https://twitter.com/zimstat/status/1269985141725843456">ZIMSTAT</a></div>
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Consumption Poverty Line For 5 People Per Household Surpasses $7.4K For April

The Zimbabwe National Statistical Agency (ZimStat) has said that the coronavirus-induced lockdown delayed the issuance of April’s inflation figures.
The agency said that the closure of shops made the compilation of data impossible adding that it was hopeful that the figures would be published at the end of this month.
Speaking to the NewsDay, ZimStat prices statistics manager Thomas Chikadaya said:
<blockquote>We are processing and we will release the figures once it’s done. Shops were closed, so we could not gather the data we need. We expect it to be published by end of month.</blockquote>
Economist Victor Bhoroma, however, expressed scepticism about the delay saying the agency could be trying to manipulate figures since prices soared due to an increase in demand for basic goods.
The Zimbabwe dollar that was reintroduced last year after being ditched for a decade is rapidly losing value against other currencies, a development that has brought back hyperinflation as businesses hike prices frequently to match the parallel market forex rates.
Zimbabwe’s annual inflation rate jumped to 676.39% in March from 540.16% in February and is expected to go up again as businesses continue to increase commodity prices despite government directing them to freeze prices.
More: <a href="https://www.newsday.co.zw/2020/05/covid-19-delays-april-inflation-stats/">NewsDay</a>

ZimStat Says Lockdown Delayed Issuance Of Inflation Figures

The Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) has announced that Zimbabwe’s annual inflation was, as of February 2020, at 540.16 percent while the month on month inflation was at 13.52 percent.
The rate at which inflation rose is alarming considering that annual inflation was 59.39% in February 2019. 

<img decoding="async" src="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/17/138888110_15844431907231n.jpg"/>
Analysts attribute the rise to low production in the country which forces locals, individuals, businesses and government, to import almost everything from other countries.
More: <a href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-03/17/c_138888110.htm">Xinhuanet</a>

Zimbabwe's Annual Inflation Jumps To 540%

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